印染废水处理技术的研究进展

Research Progress of the Printing and Dyeing Wastewater Treatment Technology

当今,人类对纺织和服装的各种需求日益增多。纺织业通常选择使用多种染料、化学药品和其他材料来获得需要的颜色、手感、穿着舒适性和纺织品设计。然而,纺织工业所产生的废水也严重威胁影响着生态环境。除固体废物和资源废物管理等其他次要问题外,印染废水是纺织业发展的主要环境障碍。未经适当处理就排放的高度着色的纺织品印染废水严重影响植物的光合作用功能,而且由于透光率低和耗氧量低,对水生生物也有影响。由于合成染料成分复杂,具有色素含量高、难降解、温度高、毒性大、排放量大等特点,它对海洋生物也可能具有致命性。因此,这种纺织品废水必须在排放前进行处理。主要分析了纺织印染废水对环境的影响,并且综述了处理纺织印染废水的不同处理技术,包括物理方法(吸附、膜过滤工艺、混凝和絮凝、逆渗透)、化学方法(氧化、臭氧化、光降解、次氯酸钠、电化学破坏)、生物方法(真菌、藻类、细菌、微生物燃料电池),希望为今后的研究提供参考。

Nowadays,textiles meet all kinds of human needs for clothing.The textile industry usually chooses to use a variety of dyes,chemicals and other materials to obtain the required color,feel,wearing comfort and textile design.However,wastewater produced by textile industry put a serious threat to the environment.In addition to other minor issues such as solid waste and resource waste management,the dyeing wastewater is a major environmental obstacle to the development of the textile industry.The highly colored textile printing and dyeing wastewater discharged without proper treatment will seriously affect the photosynthesis function of plants,and due to the low light transmittance and low oxygen consumption,it will also affect aquatic organisms.The dyeing wastewater may also be lethal to certain forms of marine lives attributed to the presence of metal components and chlorine in synthetic dyes.Therefore,the textile wastewater must be treated before being discharged.The impact of textile wastewater on the environment was mainly discussed,and the different treatment technologies for treating textile printing and dyeing wastewater were reviewed,including physical methods(adsorption,membrane filtration process,coagulation and reverse osmosis),chemical methods(oxidation,ozonation,photodegradation,sodium hypochlorite and electrochemical destruction),and biological methods(fungi,algae,bacteria and microbial fuel cells).The possible remedies were put forward,hoping to provide a reference for future research.