文学史研究的公共理性与有效阐释

Public Rationality and Effective Hermeneutics in the Study of Literary History

除了“时代公共理性”这一大视野,对当代文学的文学史研究者而言,“文学史研究的公共理性”的小视野更重要,即研究者不能以自己的是非为是非,而要根据发现的新材料,来研究看起来已不成为问题的问题。阐释有边界,并非要限制批评家解释作品的权利,而是要求批评家在作品解读之前,应了解作品发表时的周边环境,如时代气候、文坛潮流、社会转型矛盾,尤其是作家选择这个题材的原因、塑造人物时的人生处境和思想情绪等,而不是先入为主地加以主观评判。公共理性是检验阐释有限和无限的标准之一,在此前提下,“作者意图”显然应进入关注视野,这是当代文学研究的应有之义。

In addition to the big vision of“public reason of the times”,the small vision of“public rationality of literature history research”is more important for contemporary literature researchers.Hermeneutics has its boundary.Before interpreting a work,critics should understand the surrounding environment when the work is published,such as the climate of the times,the trend of the literary world,the contradiction of social transformation,especially the reason why the writer chooses this subject matter,the life situation and the thoughts of the characterization,etc.,rather than make a subjective judgment based on preconceptions.Public rationality is one of the criteria to test the limitation and infinity of hermeneutics.Under this premise,“author’s intention”should be paid attention to,which is the proper meaning of contemporary literature research.