“祖赋人权”辨析——兼与徐勇教授商榷

Analysis of“Human Rights by Virtue of Ancestry”——Discussion with Professor Xu Yong

构建中国特色哲学社会科学学科体系、学术体系、话语体系,的确需要中国式原创。但是,任何创新都是以历史知识为前提并借鉴外来的知识。《祖赋人权:源于血缘理性的本体建构原则》一文以当代中国农村社会为研究对象,但不少证据材料却是其他学者关于历史上中国农村的观点和材料,用历史的材料来证明现实,是不足为证的。此文强调“祖赋人权”就是一种所谓的“血缘理性”“中国理性”,但理性是人为选择的结果,血缘不是人为选择过程的产物,而是生理行为的结果,也就是生物性。生物性上的祖仅仅是赋予了人的生命,生命之外的其他权利几乎都是政治理性的结果。此文还把“祖赋人权”与西方启蒙主义倡导的“天赋人权”对立起来,但是认真追溯历史会发现,基于祖先崇拜的所谓“祖赋人权”,是以王权、君权为纽带,把帝崇拜、天崇拜与祖先崇拜对接起来而形成的。换言之,远古的中国早就以“天命”为至上的权威,人间的所有秩序与权力,都是在“天命”之下而被打上了政治理性深深的烙印。

Although the article“Human Rights by Virtue of Ancestry:A Principle of Ontological Construction Originating from Consanguineous Rationality”seems to be based on history,the author cuts off the section of history to construct the so-called“consanguineous rationality”and“Chinese rationality”,which is not only incorrect in terms of research methodology,but also illogical in terms of argumentation.it takes the contemporary Chinese rural society as the research object,but much of the evidences are other scholars’views and materials on the historical Chinese rural areas.In addition,it repeatedly emphasizes that“ancestral human rights”is a kind of so-called“consanguineous rationality”and“Chinese rationality”,which reminds the reader of the“Theory of Descent”and“Theory of Origin”once endowed by political rationality in China,and the chilling tragedies they caused in China are still fresh in one’s mind.Professor Xu opposes“ancestral human rights”with the“natural rights”advocated by Western Enlightenment.However,a careful historical review reveals that the so-called“ancestral human rights”based on the ancestor worship is formed by connecting the emperor worship,heaven worship and ancestral worship with the royal power and monarch power.In other words“,mandate of heaven”has long been regarded as the supreme authority in ancient China,and all human order and power have been stamped with the deep imprint of political rationality under it.