中日文学中的村田乐与能乐《翁》

Village Music and Noh Okina in Chinese and Japanese Literature

村田乐是中日共有的乡村音乐文学,但中国的学术界较少关注。中日村田乐之间存在着交流,这种交流没有局限在村田乐,还给母语戏剧文学的能乐带来了重要的信息。能乐的歌舞等诸多因素来自于村田乐,村田乐是能乐形成的主要因素之一。中日村田乐直接的交流关系使中国的村田乐因素通过日本村田乐流入到了日本。最初的能乐作品《翁》是一个近于村田乐的准戏剧文学,在《翁》中也可以看到与中国村田乐类似的因素。

Village music is a kind of country music literature shared by China and Japan, but Chinese scholars pay less attention to it. The communication between Chinese and Japanese village music does not limit to this genre;it also brings important information to Noh, the Japanese drama literature. Many factors of Noh, such as song and dance, come from village music, so it is one of the main factors of Noh’s formation. The direct communication between Chinese and Japanese village music enables the Chinese village music’s features spread to Japan. The original Noh work Okina is a quasi-drama literature similar to village music, and features like Chinese village music can be seen in Okina.