某历史建筑加固改造设计

Reinforcement and reconstruction design of a historic building

对历史建筑进行保护修缮和赋予其新的使用功能是古城保护与开发过程中一个崭新的课题,尤其是对于砖混结构的历史建筑进行保护修缮和加固改造,应着眼于建筑物的实际情况和改造后的功能需求,从施工的难易、安全性及经济性上考虑尽量不拆除或少拆除原主体承重结构。但本工程的历史建筑因历史久远、主体结构构件破损严重,在原主体结构基础上加固改造基本没有可行性,同时文物部门又要求建筑物的的外貌不能改变,所以采用"外墙保留+全脱开的内部加层"的加固改造方法便成了合理方案之一。这种加固改造方法重点在于对保留外墙的加固改造,通过在保留外墙的室内一侧增加扶壁框架(扶壁柱+水平系梁)、钢筋混凝土面层及圈梁等措施加固墙体。从工程实例出发,分析并系统梳理了"外墙保留+全脱开的内部加层"的加固改造方法,在方案选择、模型建立、参数确定等方面进行了细致的推导和演示,得到了完整的设计方法和合理的经验数值,可为工程技术人员参考。

It is a new task to protect and repair the historic buildings and give them new functions in the process of protection and development of the ancient city.Especially for the protection,repair and reinforcement of the historic buildings with brick concrete structure,the actual situation of the buildings and the functional requirements after the transformation should be emphasized,and it is better not to dismantle or dismantle least parts of the original main bearing structure from the aspects of construction difficulty,safety and economy.However,due to the long history of the historic buildings of the project,the main structural members were seriously damaged,and the reinforcement and transformation on the basis of the original main structure was basically not feasible.At the same time,the cultural relic department also required that the appearance of the buildings could not be changed,so the reinforcement and transformation method of"retaining the external wall+adding the internal layer with full separation"became one of the reasonable schemes.The emphasis of this method lied in the reinforcement of the retaining wall,which was strengthened by adding the buttress frame(buttress column+horizontal tie beam),reinforced concrete surface layer and ring beam on the indoor side of the retaining wall.Starting from an engineering example,the strengthening and reconstruction methods of"retaining the external wall+adding the internal layer with full separation"of historic buildings were analyzed and systemically combed,and detailed derivation and demonstration were made in the aspects of scheme selection,model establishment,parameter determination,etc.,and obtains a complete design method and reasonable experience value,which could be used as a reference for engineers and technicians.