稻田和池塘两种模式下金边鲤与建鲤肠道菌群差异分析

Analysis of Difference in Intestinal Bacterial Flora between Common Carp Cyprinus carpio var.jinbian and C.carpio var.jian Cultured in Paddy Fields and in Ponds

利用MiSeq高通量测序技术测定16S rRNA基因序列,分析比较池塘金边鲤、稻田金边鲤、池塘建鲤和稻田建鲤4组鲤鱼肠道菌群的结构组成和丰度差异。试验结果显示,池塘金边鲤组、稻田金边鲤组、池塘建鲤组和稻田建鲤组分别获得了377、250、367和455个运算分类单元,其中运算分类单元聚类分析发现,稻田建鲤组与另外3组差异最大;菌群多样性分析发现,池塘金边鲤组的辛普森指数显著高于其他3组(P<0.05),而稻田建鲤组及稻田金边鲤组的香农指数分别为1.56±0.22和2.53±0.82,均高于对应的池塘组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);此外,池塘金边鲤组中变形菌门(89.56%)和气单胞菌属(82.68%)在其肠道菌群组成中占有绝对优势(P<0.05),而另外3组在门分类水平和属分类水平的菌群结构和相对丰度较为相似,优势菌门均为变形菌门、梭杆菌门和厚壁菌门,主要优势菌属为鲸杆菌属、气单胞菌属和乳球菌属;京都基因和基因组百科全书(KEGG)功能预测比较分析发现,各组样品的肠道微生物富集到了多个相同的代谢途径以及部分信号传导、调节和修复机制相关信号通路。本研究结果发现,在稻田和池塘养殖模式下,金边鲤的肠道优势菌群种类、相对丰度以及参与的信号通路与建鲤无显著差异,提示金边鲤与其他鲤鱼一样可适应这两种养殖模式。

The intestinal bacterial community and relative abundance were comparatively analyzed in common carp Cyprinus carpio var.jinbian and C.carpio var.jian cultured from different modes,including the pond culture group of Jinbian carp(B1),the paddy field culture group of Jinbian carp(B2),the pond culture group of Jian carp(N1)and the field culture group of Jian carp(N2),by using MiSeq high-throughput sequencing technology to detect the hypervariable region of 16S rRNA gene.The results showed that 377,250,367 and 455 Operational Taxonomic Units(OTUs)in the intestine were obtained in the B1,B2,N1 and N2 groups,respectively.OTU cluster analysis revealed that the results of N2 group were the most different from those of other three groups.Diversity analysis of the intestinal bacterial community indicated that the Simpson index was significantly higher in B1 than that in B2,N1 and N2(P<0.05),with Shannon index of 1.56±0.22 in B2 and 2.53±0.82 in N2,which were both higher than that in the corresponding pond groups,without significant difference(P>0.05).Proteobacteria(89.56%)and Aeromonas(82.68%)were the dominant bacteria in B1 group(P<0.05),and the dominant bacteria were Proteobacteria,Fusobacteria and Fimicutes in the phylum level,and Cetobacterium,Aeromonas and Lactococcus in the genus level in B2,N1 and N2 groups.KEGG analysis showed that the intestinal bacterial in B1,B2,N1 and N2 groups involved in various metabolic pathways,signal conduction-,regulation and repair-related signaling pathways.The findings indicated that the dominant bacteria,relative abundance and involved pathways of Jinbian carp in the field-or pond-culture mode were not significantly different from those of Jian carp,suggesting that Jinbian carp could adapt to the two culture modes as other common carp.