脂滴质量控制及其介导细胞器间通讯调控脂质稳态的研究进展

Research progress of lipid droplet quality control and its mediating interorganelle communication in regulation of lipid homeostasis

脂滴(LD)作为储存脂质的细胞器,在脂质稳态中有着活跃表现.LD表面的特定蛋白质能够调节其生物发生和细胞器质量控制,通过细胞器膜接触位点调节多细胞器间信号通讯.作为细胞脂质稳态调节器,LD参与调节外源物诱导的脂质组分代谢和脂毒性结局转归.靶向LD动态的分子功能设计可成为调控脂质代谢相关损伤和疾病的新契机.该文以LD质量控制为出发点,主要阐述LD与线粒体、内质网和溶酶体的细胞器间通讯及其蛋白质分子调控的相关研究进展,以展示LD动态在外源物介导的细胞和机体脂质代谢与稳态调节中的作用.

Lipid droplet(LD)serving as lipid-storing organelles,exhibit active performance in control of lipid homeostasis.Biogenesis and organelle quality control of LD can be mediated by the specific proteins on its surface,and regulate the interorganelle signal crosstalk via formation of membrane contact sites between two or more organelles.As the cellular lipid homeostasis regulator,LD takes part in mediating lipid component metabolism and lipotoxicity outcomes caused by exogenous factors.The molecular function design targeted to the LD dynamics could be a new strategy to regulate the damages or diseases related to lipid metabolism.This review mainly describes the research progress in interorganelle communication between LD and mitochondria,endoplasmic reticulum,and lysosome via LD quality control pathway,as well as the molecular regulation of LD-associated proteins,and discusses the role of LD dynamics in lipid metabolism and homeostasis in exogenous factor exposed cells.