梯级电站作用下牡丹江底栖动物沿程变化规律

Longitudinal Distribution of Benthic Macroinvertebrates Affected by a Hydropower Plant Cascade in the Mudan River

水电站运行影响河流的栖息地环境,进而影响底栖动物群落结构,从而对河流生态健康造成影响.基于牡丹江镜泊湖电站至石岩电站江段的底栖动物采样数据,分析该江段的底栖动物沿程变化规律以及梯级水电站群对水生态环境的影响.结果表明,梯级电站的运行对研究江段的多种生境因子造成了影响,改变了江段内底栖动物的群落结构.在电站的上游和下游,底栖动物群落结构差别明显,其中,电站下游环境敏感种的数量多于上游.相比坝式水电站,引水式水电站对底栖动物的影响较小.空间上来看,电站运行影响沿程逐渐减弱,底栖动物的密度和丰度呈现沿程增加的趋势.

Hydropower plant operation changes river habitats in various aspects,and thus affects the community composition of the river ecosystem.As a result,the river health is adversely affected.The influence of a hydropower plant cascade on river continuity is even more pronounced.In this study,benthic macroinvertebrates and environmental factors were sampled from the Jingbohu Hydropower Plant to the Shiyan Hydropower Plant,along the Mudan River,and the influence of a hydropower plant cascade on the longitudinal distribution of benthic macroinvertebrates was analyzed.The results demonstrate that the hydropower plant cascade affected several environmental variables and led to changes in the community composition of benthic macroinvertebrates in the Mudan River.Significant differences were observed between sites upstream and downstream of the hydropower plants,with more sensitive species downstream of the hydropower plants."Run-of-river"hydropower plants exert less adverse influence on benthic macroinvertebrates than dam-type plants.The influence of hydropower plants decreases along the longitudinal direction of the river,with the density and richness of benthic macroinvertebrates increasing.