西夏语动词的命令式

The Imperative Mood of Tangut(西夏) Verb

西夏语动词趋向前缀已知的语法功能是作为趋向范畴与体范畴的标记。根据西夏语中表示"向外方、由近及远"趋向意义的前缀"■"wj?~2的用例,"■"wj?~2可以表示西夏语动词命令式。对照汉传及藏传西夏文佛经,以及世俗文献中命令式的语法形式,西夏语动词的命令式的形态句法特征与藏缅语族语言,尤其是羌语、道孚语、拉坞戎语等其他羌语支语言一致,其来源与趋向范畴的功能转移有关。

As far as we know,the grammatical function of Tangut(西夏) directional prefixes can be concluded as the markers of direction and aspect.This article analyzes the examples of the outside meaning prefix■ wji^2.The results of our analyses demonstrate that the directional prefix■ wji^2 also used as the marker of imperative mood.Comparing the examples from the Chinese and Tibetan original Buddhism Sutra and secular literature,the morphology and grammatical form of imperative mood of Tangut(西夏) verb is coincident with the Tibeto-Burman(藏缅) languages,especially with the other Qiang(羌) group languages such as Qiang(羌),Daofu(道孚) and Lavrung(拉坞戎).The origin of imperative mood marker is related to functional transfer of the directional grammatical category.