碳基材料对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率和微生物群落的影响研究进展

Effects of carbon-based materials on anaerobic digestion efficiency and microbial community of food waste

餐厨垃圾厌氧消化是一种可回收再生能源的生物处理技术,目前运行中主要存在系统稳定性差和效率低等问题,添加碳基材料能够提高餐厨垃圾厌氧消化效率并对系统运行产生积极影响.从甲烷产生和微生物群落变化两方面,综述碳基材料(生物炭、活性炭、碳布等)作为添加剂对餐厨垃圾厌氧消化系统的影响.其主要影响机理为(1)厌氧消化系统稳定性;(2)种间直接电子传递(DIET);(3)微生物群落.已有研究表明,碳基材料可促进餐厨垃圾厌氧消化产甲烷效率,提升甲烷产量1.1%-1685%,缩短产甲烷迟滞期27.5%-95.7%.此外,碳基材料添加会引起厌氧消化系统中细菌和古菌群落结构变化,碳基材料通过选择性地富集功能微生物,促进微生物间互营代谢,进而影响系统稳定性和产甲烷效率.提出未来在餐厨垃圾厌氧消化的研究中,应着重关注碳基材料在连续运行系统中的分离与回收方法,优化不同厌氧消化条件下碳基材料的添加策略,通过代谢组学分析探究碳基材料对厌氧消化体系中微生物的作用机制.

Anaerobic digestion is a biological technique for food waste(FW)treatment,allowing the recovery of renewable energy,but there are problems of poor system stability and low efficiency at present.However,addition of carbon-based materials can enhance the efficiency of anaerobic digestion of food waste and can have a positive impact on system operation.This paper presents an overview of the effect of carbon-based materials(biochar,activated carbon,and carbon cloth)as additives in anaerobic digestion system of food waste,focusing on the changes in methane production and microbial communities.The main players are as follows:(i)stability of anaerobic digestion system;(ii)direct interspecies electron transfer(DIET);(iii)microbial community.Previous work reported that carbon-based materials can promote the efficiency of methane production through anaerobic digestion of food waste,with an increase in methane production by 1.1%-1685%,and a decrease in methanogenic lag period by 27.5%-95.7%.Besides,carbon-based materials addition could modulate the community structure of bacteria and archaea in the anaerobic digestion system.Carbon-based materials are capable of promoting the syntrophic metabolism of microorganisms by selectively enriching functional microorganisms,thereby affecting system stability and methanogenic efficiency.It is therefore suggested that in the future research on anaerobic digestion of food waste,we should focus on the separation and recovery methods of carbon-based materials from the continuous operation systems.Also,the strategies implementing the addition of carbon-materials under different anaerobic digestion conditions should be optimized,and the mechanisms of action of carbon-based materials on microorganisms using metabolomics should be investigated.