广州城区中小学生奶及奶制品摄入现状及影响因素分析

Consumption of milk and dairy product and its influencing factors in primary and middle school students in urban areas of Guangzhou

目的分析广州市中小学生奶及奶制品的摄入现状及其影响因素,为广州市促进学生奶及奶制品的摄入提供实证依据。方法于2019年4—12月对广州市3所小学和3所中学的7948名学生及其家长进行问卷调查,收集一般人口学信息及学生近1个月奶及奶制品(包括纯牛奶、酸奶、奶粉、奶酪和其他奶制品)的摄入频次和摄入量。采用χ~2检验和多因素Logistic回归模型对调查对象的奶及奶制品摄入量及其影响因素进行分析。结果76.12%的学生奶及奶制品摄入频次<7次/周,78.88%奶及奶制品摄入量不足(<300 g/d),奶及奶制品摄入者每天摄入量的中位数为178.57 g/d。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,女生、高中生奶及奶制品摄入量不足的风险更高[OR值(OR值95%CI)分别为1.42(1.26~1.60),1.86(1.51~2.28)];而父亲文化程度为大专及以上(OR=0.75,95%CI=0.59~0.94)、母亲文化程度为高中及以上(高中:OR=0.75,95%CI=0.61~0.93;大专及以上:OR=0.58,95%CI=0.46~0.72)和家庭年收入≥20万元(OR=0.77,95%CI=0.64~0.92)的学生更可能足量摄入奶及奶制品。结论广州市中小学生奶及奶制品摄入率高,但摄入量明显不足。应加强对学生和家长的营养健康教育,重点关注女生和高年级学生,促进中小学生奶及奶制品的摄入。

Objective To investigate the current status of milk and dairy product intake of primary and middle school students in Guangzhou and to explore the influencing factors,to provide the basis for promoting the consumption of milk and dairy products for students. Methods Questionnaire survey was conducted among 7 948 students selected from 3 primary schools and 3 middle schools in Guangzhou. The contents included general information,average amount of the intake of milk and dairy products( including pure milk,yoghurt,milk powder,cheese and other dairy products). Using χ^2 test and multivariate Logistic regression to analyze the influencing factors of students’ milk and dairy product intake. Results About 76.12% of all participants reported milk and dairy products intake<7 times/week,78.88% reported milk and dairy products intake< 300 g/d and the median of milk and dairy products was 178.57 g/d. In the multiple Logistic regression model,girls and high school students were more likely to consume milk and dairy products insufficiently,with the OR of 1.42( 95%CI = 1.26-1.60),1.86( 95%CI = 1.51-2.28) respectively.The students with father’s education level being college degree or above( OR = 0.75,95%CI = 0.59-0.94),mother’s education level being high school or above( high school: OR = 0.75,95%CI = 0.61-0.93,college degree or above: OR = 0.58,95%CI = 0.46-0.72) and annual household income ≥200 000( OR = 0.77,95%CI = 0.64-0.92) were more likely to consume sufficient milk and dairy products. Conclusion Consumption of milk and dairy products among primary and middle school students in Guangzhou was high but not meet the recommended amount,should be strengthened. Health and nutritional education for students and their parents,especially girls and senior students,should be strengthened to promote the milk and dairy products consumption.