长江中下游流域人类活动强度及其对湿地景观格局影响研究

Research on Human Activity Intensity and Its Impact on Wetland Landscape Pattern in the Middle and Lower Reaches of the Yangtze River Basin

目前关于大尺度下人类活动强度对湿地景观格局影响的研究较少,为揭示长江中下游流域湿地景观格局与人类活动强度的关系,以1995~2015年的土地利用数据为基础,综合运用人类活动强度模型和景观指数等方法,分析研究区人类活动强度演变特征、湿地景观格局特征及人类活动强度对湿地景观格局的影响。结果表明:(1)人类活动高强度带面积增加,低强度带面积减少;1995~2015年,各强度带的人类活动强度平均值均呈增长趋势,强度带等级越高,平均值增幅越大。(2)20年间,湿地面积不断增加,占比分别为5.14%、5.27%和5.30%;湖泊和沼泽地分别减少了70.73 km^2和216.53 km^2,而水库坑塘面积增加了1 155.32 km^2,对湿地增加的贡献率达94.75%,研究期主要是人工湿地在扩张,而自然湿地在萎缩;湿地景观的破碎度减弱,景观多样性减少。(3)伴随人类活动强度的增强湿地相对变化呈"收缩"效应,且在人类活动强度越高的区域,"收缩"效应越明显;随着人类活动强度降低,湿地景观破碎度减弱,聚集度下降,景观多样性增强,景观形状趋于复杂。研究结果可为长江中下游湿地保护和人类活动管控提供决策支持。

At present,there were few researches on the influence of human activity intensity on wetland landscape pattern at large scale.To reveal the relationship between the wetland landscape pattern in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin and human activity intensity,the paper took the land use data of the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin from 1995 to 2015 as data sources.Human activity intensity of land surface(HAILS),and landscape index were comprehensively used to analyze the evolution characteristics of human activity intensity,wetland landscape pattern characteristics and the influence of human activity intensity on wetland landscape pattern.The results showed that:(1)The area of high human activity intensity zone increased,while the area of low human activity intensity zone decreased;the average value of each human activity intensity zone showed an increasing trend from 1995 to 2015,and the higher of the intensity zone grade,the greater of the increasing range of average value.(2)In the past 20 years,the wetland area has been increasing,accounting for 5.14%,5.27%and 5.30%respectively;lakes and marshes have decreased by 70.73 km2 and 216.53 km2 respectively,while the area of reservoir pond has increased by 1155.32 km2,contributing 94.75%to the increase of wetland.It indicated that artificial wetlands were expanding while natural wetlands were shrinking during the study period.The fragmentation of wetland landscape was weakened,and the landscape diversity was decreased.(3)The relative change of wetlands showed a‘contraction’effect with the increase of human activity intensity,and the higher human activity intensity,the more obvious of the‘contraction’effect.With the decrease of human activity intensity,the fragmentation of wetland landscape was weakened,the aggregation reduced,the landscape diversity enhanced and the landscape shape tended to be complex.The research results can provide decision support for wetland protection and human activity control in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.