文庙的建筑文化、功能梳理与复兴之思

On the Architectural Culture,Function,and Renaissance of the Confucian Temple

一般来说,传统的文庙布局均衡且寓意深刻,主要由棂星门、大成门、东西庑、大成殿、崇圣祠、明伦堂、尊经阁、泮池与泮桥、乡贤祠与名宦祠等基本建筑构成。这些建筑发挥着重要的祭祀、教育和褒奖功能。正是由于这三大功能的支撑,文庙才得以延续至今。在当代社会,文庙要想重振辉煌,实现复兴,就必须行之有效地继承这些功能。除此之外,要想文庙复兴得更加全面,还应从以下方面进行:对文庙自身来说,要改善其外观,增添其内容;就当地学生而言,应使其成为继续教育的基地;从整个学校来看,应发挥褒奖的功能;对社会成人而言,应作为文化活动的场所。

Generally speaking,the layout of traditional Confucian temple is balanced and with profound meaning,mainly constituted by basic buildings namely,Lingxing Gate,Dacheng Gate,Dongxi Wu,Dacheng Hall,Chongsheng Temple,Minglun Hall,Zunjing Mansion,Pan Pool and Pan Bridge,Xiangxian Temple.These buildings play an important role in sacrifice,education and reward.It is because of the support of these three functions that enables the Confucian Temple to last long till now.In contemporary society,it is necessary to effectively inherit these functions in order to revitalize the Confucian Temple to present its glory again.In addition,for a more comprehensive revitalization of the Confucian Temple,it is of necessity to proceed from the following aspects:for the temple itself,it is necessary to improve its appearance and add its content;for local students,the temple should be made a base for continuing education;for the whole school,the temple should execute the function of rewarding;and finally,for social adults,the temple should act as a place for cultural activities.