花生锌吸收分配特性及对土壤耕作措施的响应特征

Response of Peanut Zinc Absorption and Distribution Characteristics to Various Tillage Measures

试验在鲁东地区典型棕壤花生田试验点(莱西望城、招远夏甸和招远齐山)进行,研究免耕、浅耕20 cm、深耕30 cm和深松30 cm不同耕作方式对花生锌吸收特征、土壤锌临界值的影响,以及锌吸收与花生产量、品质和土壤的关系。两年试验结果表明,深耕和深松处理花生植株总锌吸收量均高于免耕处理,根、茎叶和针壳中的锌吸收量均以深松处理最高,籽仁中锌吸收量以免耕处理最低;花生植株各器官锌积累量从高到低依次为籽仁>茎叶>针壳>根,耕作措施提高了锌在籽仁中的分配比例,表现为深耕>浅耕>深松;花生籽仁锌吸收量与花生产量增加和品质提升显著正相关,花生籽仁每多吸收1 g/hm^2锌可增加产量48.76 kg/hm^2,含油量、蛋白质含量、蔗糖分别提高22.7、9.8和1.9 kg/hm^2;一元二次方程可较好地模拟土壤容重与花生根(p<0.01)、茎叶(p<0.01)及针壳锌吸收量(p<0.05)间的关系,土壤容重临界值分别为1.31、1.34、1.33 g·cm^-3。综上,通过深耕等耕作措施可有效促进花生籽仁对锌吸收与分配比例,提高花生产量及籽仁品质。本研究结果为花生田锌营养合理管理提供了理论依据。

Three typical brown soil experiment sites(Wangcheng,Xiadian and Qishan)in eastern Shandong were used to study the characteristics of zinc(Zn)absorption for peanut(Arachis hypogaea L.),the critical value of soil Zn,and the relationship between Zn absorption amount and peanut yield,quality and soil under various soil tillage measurements as:no tillage(NT),shallow plough 20cm(SP),deep plough 30cm(DP),and deep loosing 30 cm(DL).The results showed that the total Zn absorption amount in peanut plant under DP and DL was higher than that under NP.The Zn absorption amount in peanut root,stem-leaf and needle-shell were all the highest in DL,and the Zn absorption in peanut kernel under NT was the lowest.The Zn accumulation amount in peanut ranked as kernel>stem-leaf>peg-shell>root.The cultivation measures promoted the Zn distribution ratio of kernel,the promotion effect was:DP>SP>DL.The Zn absorption amount of peanut kernel significantly improved the peanut quality.With each increase of 1.0 g/ha in kernel Zn absorption,peanut yield was increased by 48.76 kg/ha,while contents of oil,protein,sucrose were respectively increased by 22.7,9.8 and 1.9 kg/ha.A quadratic equation well simulated the relationship between soil bulk density and Zn absorption by peanut root(p<0.01),stem-leaf(p<0.01)and needle-shell(p<0.05),and the critical value namely as 1.31,1.34 and 1.33 g/cm^3,respectively.In summary,rational tillage measurements such as deep plough can effectively promote the Zn absorption and distribution in peanut kernel,and improve peanut yield and kernel quality.The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the reasonable management of Zn nutrition in peanut field.