稀见环南海文献再发现:回顾、批评与前瞻

Rediscovering Sources and Documents around the South China Sea: Retrospect and Prospect

通过回顾和介绍一批稀见的环南海原始文献,包括档案记录、调查报告、书信、游记等一手观察和资料汇编,所涉包括域外势力进入环南海地区、环南海航海记录和大型调查报告、印尼群岛及荷兰殖民时期史料、西班牙统治下的菲律宾、暹罗史地和外交文献、中南半岛王国史事和法国势力介入等,本文意在体察近代以来五百年间环南海地区各强权和势力纵横捭阖、沉浮兴衰的历史。在当代"一带一路"展开的大背景下,继承几百年来西方对环南海地区的涉入和调研遗产,吸收其有益的经验和知识体系,摒弃殖民视角的偏见,排除东方学的干扰,去芜取精,势在必行。鉴于环南海地区研究的问题及当前南海研究泛政治化的局限,唯有基于坚实的富有纵深感和层次感的文献记录,基于各方多样性材料的交错分析,打通时间和空间的隔阂,对环南海地区的认知和动态演变才能有更切实的理解和判断。

This article reviews the limitations of the current South China Sea study,uncovering its problems of pan-politicization,and explores archives,surveys,investigations,letters,discoveries and early modem travel notes around the South China Sea region.By reviewing the rich and rare original sources,this article rediscovers that these first-hand observations and data compilation,forgotten or not,could contribute to our future studies.These records include but not limit to navigation records,archives and surveys of the South China Sea,Southeast Asian archipelago under Netherland and Britain,the Philippines under Spain,Siam diplomatic and historical geographic histories,and the Kirgdoms on Indochina Peninsula(Annam,Laos,Cambodia,Champa) and French intervention.Here we observe the history of power and regimes around the South China Sea region during the past 500 years,a history mixed of imperialism,colonialism,and Orientalism,or even more.In the context of the current "Belt and Road" initiative,to inherit the Western involvement in the South China Sea region for hundreds of years,to study the colonial heritages,and to absorb the knowledge system by excluding the essential influence of Orientalism,remains urgent.It is imperative to develop the study of the South China Sea region based on those deep legacies,with a reflective thinking and dynamic evolution.