责任心、军事化与新名词--抗战前江苏省乡镇保甲长训练研究

Responsibility,Militarization and New Terminology:A Study on the Training of Township Chief and Baojia Chief in Jiangsu Province before the Anti-Japanese War

为了增强保甲组织效能、改造国民心理、增强民族自卫力量和培养保甲人员为公众服务的责任意识,抗战前江苏省政府实施了乡镇保甲长训练,主要包括密集渗透的精神训练、以纪律控制为核心的军事训练和范围很广的知识训练。这些训练提高了保甲人员的素质,加速了国家政令的传达,促进了乡村社会中民族国家意识的生长,增强了国家对新乡绅阶层的吸纳能力。然而,由于训练标尺过高,政治实践中保甲组织的滥用造成了保甲人员的差役化,由此严重地制约着抗战前江苏省乡镇保甲长训练的成效。通过抗战前江苏省乡镇保甲长训练的个案研究,有助于理解民国时期国家整合乡村过程中所面临的困境。

In order to enhance the effectiveness of the Baojia organization,reform the national psychology,strengthen the self-defense force and cultivate the responsibility consciousness of the Baojia personnel serving the public,the Jiangsu Provincial Government carried out the training of Township Chief and Baojia Chief before the Anti-Japanese War,mainly through intensive penetrating spiritual training,discipline-centered military training and extensive knowledge training.These training improves the quality of Baojia personnel,speeds up the transmission of state decrees,promotes the growth of national consciousness in rural society,and enhances the state’s ability to absorb the new rural gentry.However,due to the high training scale,the abuse of Baojia organization in political practice has resulted in the servitude of Baojia personnel,which seriously restricted the effectiveness of Jiangsu Province’s Bao Jia training before the Anti-Japanese War.Through the case study of Jiangsu Province’s training of Township Chief and Baojia Chief before the Anti-Japanese War,it helps us understand the difficulties faced by the Republic of China in the process of rural integration.