教育机构侵权责任实证研究

An Empirical Study on the Liability of Educational Institutions

分析2018年全国以限制民事行为能力人为受害人的116起教育机构侵权案件发现,教育机构承担责任的判决占93%。样本案例反映出法院采用的归责原则、举证责任分配规则与法律规定不尽相符,对教育管理职责的认定宽泛,要求教育机构及时发现伤害但不具有现实可行性,认可禁止跑闹的校规但此类规定不尽合理等问题。建议剥离意外事故,采用举证责任倒置规则,以专业教育工作者作为教育管理职责的判断标准,培育由受教育者自担部分责任的文化。

An analysis of 116 cases of campus infringement involving persons with limited capacity for civil conduct as victims in 2018 shows that 93%of the judgments demand that educational institutions bear liability for compensation.The sample cases reflect the following problems:the principle of imputation adopted by the court,and the rules for assigning the burden of proof do not conform to the legal provisions;education and management duties in legislation and justice are too broad;it is not feasible to require educational institutions to detect injury accidents in time;provisions such as prohibition of running out of school on the basis of risk aversion motivation by educational institutions are not justified.It is suggested that mere accidents be separated from campus infringements,that the principle of presumption of fault be adopted uniformly in tort infringements by educational institutions,that statutory duties imposed on professional educators be taken as the criteria for judging educational and management responsibilities,and that a social and cultural atmosphere in which the educated person takes partial responsibility be cultivated.