改革开放40年中国农村已婚女性家庭地位的变化——基于中国妇女社会地位抽样调查数据的分析

The Change of Family Status of Married Women in Rural Chinain the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening Up——An Analysis Based on Data from a Sample Survey on the Social Status of Chinese Women

改革开放40年来,农村已婚女性家庭地位有了很大提升。农村已婚女性的家务劳动时间逐步减少,正在由单一的家庭角色向家庭和社会的双重角色转换,在家庭事务的决策上有了更多的参与权,个人事务自主权亦有很大提升,但较之于丈夫仍有很大差距。如家务劳动的主要承担者依然是妻子,家庭事务的决策权天平依然向丈夫倾斜;家庭经济的再分配也更有利于丈夫,妻子并没有完全拥有自我发展的自主权。究其障碍因素主要有:家庭性别分工观念普遍存在;农村已婚女性再教育的机会有限;其增加经济收入的渠道未充分拓展。文章据此提出了对策与建议。

In the past 40 years of reform and opening up,the status of married women's families in rural areas has been greatly improved.Married women in rural areas have gradually reduced their housework time.They have gradually changed from a single family role to a dual role of family and society.They have more rights to participate in the decision-making of family affairs,and their autonomy in personal affairs has greatly improved,but there is still a big gap compared with their husbands.For example,the main undertaker of housework is still the wife,and the balance of decision-making power of family affairs is still inclined to the husband;the redistribution of family economy is also more conducive to the husband,and the wife does not fully have the autonomy of self-development.The main obstacles are:the concept of gender division of labor in the family is widespread;the opportunities of re-education for rural married women are limited and the channels to increase economic income are not fully expanded.Therefore,countermeasures and suggestions are put forward.