淮河干流典型污染物时空分布特性分析

Spatial and temporal distribution analysis of typical contaminants in mainstream of Huaihe River

针对目前淮河水环境现状及问题, 2014-2017年先后7次采集淮河干流(正阳关-老子山)19个断面的上覆水样和沉积物泥样,对上覆水和沉积物中关键污染物指标总磷(TP)及主要重金属(As、Cu、Pb、Zn)含量进行分析,探究淮河干流TP和重金属时空分布特征与主要影响因素,并对各污染物的环境影响效应作出评价。结果表明:11月各污染物含量明显低于6月,水动力过程影响比较大;各污染物质量浓度整体呈现下降趋势,TP和As下降最明显;污染物来源分析显示,沉积物中TP主要受到面源污染影响,重金属污染物主要受点源污染影响;监测区间内淮河沉积物TP和4种重金属含量不具有生态风险。

Contaminants in overlying water and sediments of 19 sections from Zhengyangguan to Laozishan in the main stream of Huaihe River were sampled for seven times from^2014 to 2017.The total phosphorus(TP)and main heavy metals,such as As,Cu,Pb,and Zn,in the overlying water and sediment were analyzed to reveal the spatial and temporal distribution characteristics and their main influence factors,and then,this study evaluated the environmental effect for each pollutant.The results show that the concentration of contaminants in the sediment in November is lower than that in June.Meanwhile,the concentrations of various contaminants are decreasing with time,especially TP and As.The analysis of pollutant sources shows that TP in the sediment is affected by the non-point source,while heavy metals are affected by the point source.TP and four heavy metals in the sediment of Huaihe River do not have ecological risk within the monitoring range.