清代蒙地城镇时空演化的自组织临界特征

Self-organized criticality of the spatio-temporal evolution of administrative settlements in Inner Mongolia grassland during Qing Dynasty

基于自组织临界判据,以清代兴起于放垦蒙地的治所城镇为对象,通过计算网格分维、功率谱指数、Zipf维数,发现其演化过程在空间、时间、能量分布上呈现特定的幂律规律和分形结构。结果显示:清代蒙地城镇体系是一种复杂的自组织临界系统,以点轴形式实现空间占据和能量转移。表现为空间上远离发展轴向腹地致密化扩散(D=1.429),人口规模首位城市的垄断性较强(q=1.3482),以及增长频谱关系处于1/f波动状态(β=1.447)且即将迎来发展拐点。相较于还原论,复杂性理论有利于提高历史空间研究的精度。

Based on self-organized criticality criterions, the governing cities and towns in the Qing Dynasty, that emerged in the pasture reclamation of Inner Mongolia were studied.It was found that the evolution presented the specific power law and fractal structure in distribution of space, time and energy by calculating the fractal dimension, power spectrum index and Zipf dimension of towns arising from reclamation. The results show that the evolution of administrative towns in Mongolia grassland during Qing dynasty appeared a complex self-organized criticality system, and it realized space occupation and energy transfer in the form of point axis, showed densification and diffusion to hinterland far away from development axis in space(D=1.429);the city with the largest population had a strong monopoly(q=1.3482), and the growth spectrum was in the state of 1/f fluctuation(β=1.447). Compared with the traditional interpretation framework of reductionism, the complexity theory had a positive significance in improving the accuracy of historical space research.