18~97岁中国人的超重与肥胖:来自2002~2019年63449例人体数据的分析

Overweight and obese Chinese adults between the ages of 18 and 97:analysis of anthropometric data derived from 63,449 adults from 2002 to 2019

超重与肥胖一直是公众关注的健康问题.本研究组2002~2019年采集了115个族群63449成人的体质指标.通过身体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)与体脂率(percent body fat,PBF)指标分析,得出了我国国民的超重和肥胖状况.结果如下:男性的体重、身高、腰围、上臂围、体密度、瘦体质量(lean mass,LM)、瘦体质量指数(lean mass index,LMI)均大于女性.女性的大腿围、BMI、身体肥胖指数(body adiposity index,BAI)、体脂率、脂肪量(fat mass,FM)、脂肪质量指数(fat mass index,FMI)均大于男性.根据BMI指数分型,在男性总样本量中超重占29.6%、肥胖占11.8%,在女性总样本量中超重占30.0%、肥胖占14.0%.根据体脂率分型,在男性总样本量中肥胖率为54.0%,在女性总样本量中肥胖率为27.2%.根据腰围均数,男性40~59岁两个年龄组处于中心型肥胖的前期.女性30~59岁、70~79岁4个年龄组都处于中心型肥胖前期,女性60~69岁组为中心型肥胖.通过聚类分析和主成分分析,南亚语系、苗瑶语族、藏缅语族、壮侗语族各民族聚为一组,他们的体重、臀围、腰围均较小.北亚类型民族与汉族体重、臀围、腰围值则较大.按BMI指数均值,藏缅语族民族、壮侗语族民族、苗瑶语族民族、南亚语系民族、汉族男女均数属于正常,而北亚类型民族男女属于超重.按腰围均值,汉族男女属于中心型肥胖前期,北亚类型民族男女属于中心型肥胖.BMI更适用于判定国人的超重与肥胖.

A major public health concern is the number of individuals that are overweight or obese.A variety of physical indices of 63,449 adults from 115 ethnic groups were investigated from 2002 to 2019.The conditions associated with being overweight or obese were evaluated in the Chinese population using BMI and PBF.Our data revealed that weight,stature,waist circumference,upper arm circumference,body density,LM,and LMI were all greater in males than those in females.In females,thigh circumference,BMI,BAI,body fat rate,FM,and FMI were all greater when compared with those of males.According to the BMI index classification,29.6%of males were overweight and 11.8%of males were obese,while 30.0%of females were overweight and 14.0%of females were obese.Based on the classification of the body fat percentage,the obesity rate was 54.0%in the total sample of males and 27.2%in the total sample of females.According to the mean of waist circumference,males aged 40 to 59 and females aged 30 to 59 or 70 to90 were in the early stages of central obesity,whereas females in the 60-to 69-year-old age group had central obesity.Cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggested that Austroasiatic language ethnic groups,Hmong-Mien language ethnic groups,TibetoBurman language ethnic groups,and Kam-tai language groups cluster together.These groups all have relatively small values for weight and hip and waist circumferences.However,individuals from North Asian ethnic groups and Han had greater values for weight and hip and waist circumferences.According to BMI,people from the Tibeto-Burman ethnic groups,Kam-tai ethnic groups,Hmong-Mien ethnic groups,Austroasiatic ethnic groups,and the Han ethnic group were categorized as normal,whereas those from North Asian ethnic groups were considered overweight.In addition,the mean of waist circumference demonstrated that both Han males and females exhibited early stages of central obesity,while those from North Asia had central obesity.Therefore,we determined that BMI is a more reliable and suitable measure for the assessment of overweight and obese individuals in the Chinese population.