三轴双前轴牵引汽车轴荷计算与优化

Calculation And Optimization Of Axle Load Of Three-Axle Double-Front Axle Traction Vehicle

随着国家治超政策的不断加严,牵引汽车轻量化要求越来越高,双前轴牵引车悬架和轴桥总质量占汽车整备质量约30%,但悬架和轴桥作为汽车承载关键件,需获取准确的轴荷才能实现进一步降重。文章利用结构力学原理,建立双前轴三轴牵引汽车的轴荷计算模型。该模型通过分析中间轴距变化时轴荷的分配,得到最佳轴荷分配轴距,同时可以对轴距确定的牵引汽车通过调整Ⅰ、Ⅱ轴板簧高度差和鞍座压载位置进行轴荷优化。此方法具有较高精度,对提高多轴牵引汽车新产品开发成功率及整车布置优化有重要意义。

With the continuous tightened policy of national super-policy,decreasing the weight of traction vehicles has been urgent.The total mass of the suspension and axle bridge of the double front axle tractor accounts for about 30%of the total vehicle quality,but the suspension and axle bridge for cars need to be obtained accurate axle load to decrease weight reduction for some vital components.This paper established double front axle and three axle traction vehicle axle load calculation model by the principle of structural mechanics.Then we analyzed distributions of axle load under the circumstance that intermediate wheelbase changed.The results showed this model obtained best axle load distribution wheelbase.Meanwhile,it can adjust the height difference between the leaf springs of the first,second axles and the ballast position of the saddle for the traction vehicle with the determined wheelbase.This method has high precision and is of great significance to improve the success rate of new product development of multi-axle traction vehicles and the optimization of vehicle layout.