试论甲午战争时期张謇的对日作战主张

On Zhang Jian’s Propositions of Fighting Against Japan During the Sino-Japanese War of 1894—1985

1894年张謇蟾宫折桂后,随即遭遇了甲午战争这一重大国家变故。在如何应对日本侵略的问题上,张謇坚定"主战"并提出了具体作战策略。一介书生,以其治乱经衰的传统学识、客座幕僚的随军经验和对国际大势的有限认识,提出的御敌主张不乏真知灼见,但又因自身地位和视野所限,难免流为空泛的纸上谈兵。

Shortly after attaining the first place in the highest national civil service examination in 1894,Zhang Jian experienced the major national misfortune of Sino-Japanese War.On how to deal with the Japanese invasion,Zhang Jian firmly insisted on“meeting the attack”and put forward the specific tactics.Intellectual as he was,his propositions on fighting against enemies,which were presented with his traditional knowledge of the rise and fall,his experience as a visiting military aide and his limited understanding of international trend,were on the one hand of profound insights.On the other hand,those propositions inevitably became empty talk owing to his status and restricted horizon.