WADA《反兴奋剂运动员权利法案》的解读与启示——基于世界反兴奋剂机构诉孙杨案的思考

Interpretation and Enlightenment of WADA Athlete’s Anti-doping Rights Act:Based on Case of World Anti-doping Agency v.Sun Yang

世界反兴奋剂组织于2019年11月颁布实施的《反兴奋剂运动员权利法案》对反兴奋剂中运动员权利保障具有重要意义。《反兴奋剂运动员权利法案》有其独特的立法背景:全球兴奋剂滥用屡禁不止、体育权正发展成为一种新兴人权、世界反兴奋剂组织对运动员权利重视度提升。通过法定权利与建议性权利两种模式,包括原则性权利、实体性权利、程序性权利和兜底性条款共计17项权利内容,对运动员在反兴奋剂过程中的权利展开了全面保护。尤其增加和突出了运动员获得法律援助的权利,这将为各国关于运动员相关权利保护提供诸多启示。各国都可以考虑通过专项"立法"强化对运动员反兴奋剂权利的保障,全面保护反兴奋剂中的运动员权利;同时有必要重视运动员样本收集过程中的权利,突出运动员获得法律援助的权利。

The Athlete’s Anti-Doping Rights Act,promulgated and implemented by the World Anti-Doping Agency in November 2019,is of great significance to the protection of athletes’rights in anti-doping.The"Bill"has its unique legislative background:the global doping abuse is constantly banned,the right to sports is developing into an emerging human right,and the WADA attaches great importance to athletes’rights.The Athlete’s Anti-Doping Rights Act adopts two modes of legal rights and advisory rights,including principle rights,substantive rights,procedural rights,and bottom-up clauses,with a total of 17 rights which comprehensively protects athletes’rights during the anti-doping process.In particular,the legal aid of athletes has been increased and highlighted.This will provide some enlightenment for the protection of athletes’rights in various countries.All countries can consider strengthening the protection of athletes’anti-doping rights through special"legislation"and comprehensive protection of athletes’anti-doping rights.At the same time,it is necessary to pay attention to the rights of athletes in the sample collection process,highlighting the athletes’right to legal aid.