中美高中主流物理教材科学素养主题编排的比较

Comparison of Science Literacy Theme Arrangement Between Chinese and American mainstream Physics textbooks

教材是学科科学思想、科学知识、科学方法和科学品德的载体。以提升学生的科学素养为目标,对中美两国主流物理教材的章节内容、栏目设置、实验编排、插图设计等进行比较研究,统整两国教材的特色、优势,提出物理课程中培育学生科学素养的着力点:关注知识的整体建构、恢复知识的实践属性、重视科学学科间的融合;具体可沿"通过核心概念学习科学知识、开展真实探究掌握科学方法、联系生活实际培养应用能力、还原科研历史弘扬科学精神"等路径开展教学探索;挑选"思维力"的培养作为切入点,以关键素养的培育带动学生整体科学素养的提升。

Textbooks are the carrier of scientific thought,scientific knowledge,scientific methods and scientific morality.Aiming at enhancing students’scientific literacy,this study makes acomparison between the chapter contents,the column setup,the arrangements of experiments,and the designing of illustration in Chinese and American high school physical textbooks.The purpose of the comparison is to integrate the features and advantages of the textbooks in the two countries and pinpoint the acting points of cultivating students’scientific literacy,which are summarized as the follows:(1)paying close attention to the overall construction of knowledge,the practical nature of knowledge and the integration of scientific disciplines;(2)exploring teaching through focusing on the core concepts when presenting scientific knowledge,conducting authentic research to master scientific methods,making connections with real life to cultivate the practical application ability,and restoring the research history to promote scientific spirits;(3)taking the cultivation of the logical thinking ability as the starting point,and enhancingthe overall scientific literacy of the students by cultivating the key literacy.