4590例呼吸道感染患者病原体IgM抗体检测结果分析

Analysis of detection results of pathogen IgM antibody in 4590 patients with respiratory tract infection

目的分析呼吸道感染病原体的流行特征,为感控及预防提供科学依据。方法采用间接免疫荧光法检测患者血清9种呼吸道病原体IgM抗体,收集2016-2017年4590例患者检测数据,分析不同病原体在不同性别、年龄患者及季节的流行趋势及特点。结果2016-2017年9种病原体总阳性检出率为30.74%,主要由肺炎支原体(MP)、副流感病毒1、2、3型(PIV-1、2、3)、乙型流感病毒(IVB)组成,阳性检出率分别为21.63%、6.17%、1.68%。2016、2017年女性患者MP阳性检出率明显高于男性患者(P<0.05),2017年女性患者PIV-1、2、3阳性检出率明显高于男性患者(P<0.05);其他病原体阳性检出率无明显性别差异(P>0.05)。IVB感染好发于春、夏季,PIV-1、2、3感染好发于夏、秋季,MP感染好发于夏、秋、冬季;其他病原体阳性检出率无明显季节性差异。各年龄段患者IVB阳性检出率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),PIV-1、2、3和MP感染主要以40岁以下人群为主。结论该地区呼吸道感染病原体总阳性检出率较低,主要病原体在不同年龄、不同性别患者及不同季节间存在差异。

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of pathogens of respiratory tract infections,and provide scientific references for infection control and prevention.Methods The indirect immunofluorescence method was used to detect the serum IgM antibodies of 9 respiratory pathogens in patients.The detection data of 4590 patients from 2016 to 2017 were collected to analyze the epidemic trend and characteristics of different pathogens in patients of different gender and age,and in different seasons.Results The total positive detection rate of 9 pathogens from 2016 to 2017 was 30.74%,mainly composed of Mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP),parainfluenza virus type 1,2,3(PIV-1,2,3)and influenza B virus(IVB),and the positive detection rates were 21.63%,6.17%,1.68%,respectively.The positive detection rate of MP in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients in 2016 and 2017(P<0.05),and the positive detection rate of PIV-1,2,3 in female patients was significantly higher than that in male patients in 2017(P<0.05).There was no significant gender difference in the positive detection rate of other pathogens(P>0.05).IVB infection commonly occurred in spring and summer,PIV-1,2,3 infection commonly occurred in summer and autumn,MP infection commonly occurred in summer,autumn and winter.There was no significant seasonal difference in the positive detection rate of other pathogens(P>0.05).There was no statistically significant difference in the positive detection rate of IVB among patients of all ages groups(P>0.05).PIV-1,2,3 and MP infection were mainly occurred in people under 40 years old.Conclusion The total positive detection rate of respiratory tract infection pathogens in this area is relatively low,and the main pathogens are different in patients of different ages and genders,and in different seasons.