日欧木结构对比——以博尔贡教堂和法隆寺为例

Comparisons of Japanese and European Wood Structure——Cases of Borgund Stave Church and Horyuji Temple

木结构在世界建筑史中占据了重要位置。目前对东方木结构的文献研究较多,但对西方木结构的研究较少。东西方木结构差异较大。首先,笔者从承重结构、屋顶结构、特殊构件"spar"3个方面,辨析两地建造观念、建造技艺、节点处理手法的异同,其中详述了屋顶结构分类和悬挑类型的区别,补充说明传统木结构在现代的反映和工匠在其中发挥的重要作用。其次,通过博尔贡教堂和法隆寺的实例,对比分析两地木结构的不同和木结构本身随着时代的拓展形式。最后,通过建设背景和建造思维的更新,说明传统和现代木结构的联系。

Wood structure occupies an important position in the history of world architecture.So far,there have been many books and research on eastern wood structure but little on western wood structure.There are many differences between the wood structure in the east and west.First,three aspects including bearing structure,roof structure and special components“spar”are analyzed to compare the construction ideas,construction techniques and node processing technique between the west and the east,which elaborates the difference in the classification of roof structure and cantilever types and then supplements the reflection of traditional wood structure in modern times and the important role of craftsmen.Then the paper takes Borgund Stave Church and Horyuji Temple as cases to compare and analyze the differences in the wood structure of the east and the west and also the development of wood structure with the times.Finally,construction background and renovation of construction thinking illustrate the connection between traditional and modern wooden structures.