对亚里士多德形而上学的片面定向的检讨——以中国哲学为参照

A Critical Examination of Aristotle's Orientation of Metaphysics--In Comparison with Chinese Philosophy

重建当代形而上学的前提是对形而上学的发源地进行一番重新检讨,这种检讨在今天必须是建立在中西形而上学的比较之上的。在西方形而上学的开端亚里士多德那里,一开始就给形而上学作了这样的定向,即必须在"物理学之后"建立起一门有关"作为存在的存在"的学问。这种学问一方面是以"个别实体"的确立为基础而探讨其原因或根据(四因),另一方面则以语言的逻辑功能为指导来解决思维和存在的同一性问题。而这对于缺乏努斯精神和逻各斯精神的中国哲学来说是闻所未闻的,中国哲学的出发点是"无"以及语言的非逻辑功能(隐喻、类比、象征等等)。必须综合中西哲学各自的特点才能重建当代形而上学,并由此走出双方的困境。

To reconstruct contemporary metaphysics requires a critical examination of the historical origin ofmetaphysics as its precondition.Such an examination in current philosophical and cultural context could onlybe accomplished on the basis of comparison between Chinese and Western metaphysics.As the founder ofWestern metaphysics,Aristotle orientated metaphysics from the beginning as a discipline exploring beingqua being,which was just a post-physics(meta-physika),no more no less.According to Aristotle,metaphysics,on the one hand,investigated the causes and grounds of individual substances(as the theoryof four causes);on the other hand,he solved the problem of the unity between thinking and being by the guidance of the logical function of language.Aristotle’s metaphysics was definitely no acquaintance toChinese philosophy which lacked the experiences of nous and logos as its core elements.Contrary to Westernphilosophy,Chinese philosophy traditionally took nothingness other than being and the non-logical functions of language(metaphor,analogy,symbol,etc.)as its starting point.To reconstruct contemporarymetaphysics and subsequently get out of the predicaments of Chinese and Western philosophy,a synthesis ofthese two significantly different philosophical traditions is required as a condition sine qua no.