“待时发展”:1926年——1928年蒋介石对滇川黔的策略研究

Development in Time:Studies of Chiang Kai-shek's Strategy to Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou from 1926 to 1928

在北伐战争时期,蒋介石曾计划借川黔力量牵制滇唐对北伐的干预;蒋介石虽知诸实力派与其之接触系投机行为,但仍对他们表示笼络。唐继尧执掌滇政之时,蒋介石视云南为敌对力量,二六政变后则逐渐调整了对滇政策。宁汉对峙时期,蒋介石对滇川黔地方实力派多予怀柔,滇川黔地方实力派亦在宁汉之间选择支持蒋介石。宁汉合流后,蒋介石对滇川黔地方实力派主要仍实行怀柔之策,但其间亦根据形势变化,通过各种方式试图影响三省政局走向,但并未触动三省政治之根本核心。滇川黔三省地方实力派并无角逐中央政治的欲望,对南京政府主要采取"观望"或象征性的拥护策略。蒋介石与滇川黔地方实力派的关系维持着表面的平衡,但伴随形势发展变化,这种脆弱的关系极易破碎。基于政治现实利益形成的暂时平衡关系在激烈的政治动荡中最易裂变,成为民国时期"非常态"社会场景下中央与地方关系的一种"常态"景象。

During the Northern Expedition,Chiang Kaishek planned to use Sichuan and Guizhou forced to contain Tang Jiyao’s intervention in Yunnan.Although he knew that all the powerful factions werespeculating in their contacts,he still expressed his affection for them.As Tang Jiyao was in charge ofYunnan,Chiang Kai-shek regarded Yunnan as a hostile force and gradually adjusted his policy towardsYunnan after the February 6 th Coup in 1927.During the confrontation between the Kuomintang Governmentsof Nanjing and Wuhan,Chiang Kai-shek gave more conciliations to the local power factions in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou.The local power factions in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou also chose to supportChiang Kai-shek between the two governments.After the Coalition of Nanjing and Wuhan Governmentsunder the Leadership of Kuomintang,Chiang Kai-shek still adopted an appeasement policy to the localpowerful factions in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou.However,he tried to influence the political situation ofthe three provinces by various means according to the changeable situations,and meanwhile,he did nottouch the fundamental core of the politics of these three provinces.The local power factions in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou provinces had no desire to compete for the central power and mainly adopted wait-and-see policy or symbolic support strategies for the Nanjing Government.The relationship between Chiang Kai-shek and the local power factions in Yunnan,Sichuan and Guizhou maintained a superficial balance.Butthis fragile relationship was easily broken with the development and changeable situations.The temporarybalance relationship formed on the basis of the interests of political reality was most vulnerable to fission inthe fierce political turmoil and became a normal scene of the relationship between the central governmentand the local government under the abnormal social scene in the Republic of China then.