合作社商人:农地三权分置的新实践

Cooperative Businessmen:A New Practice on the Three-right Division of Farmland

我国农地制度改革以权利为中心而建构起所有权、承包权与经营权的三权分置样态。从商法角度看,农地三权分置旨在推动集体、农户与经营者三类主体之间构建商事准备法律关系。这种商事准备一旦完成,便进入到商事交易阶段。在商事交易中,合作社商人应该遵循农地、商事与同构等三个原则,并据此形成管道、契约和组织参与等三种参与方式,以有效实践农地三权分置。从纵向看,集体化以来,我国农村遭遇了从传统到现代的激烈变革,合作社也随之经历了从工具理性到价值理性的嬗变过程。

The reform on the rights of Chinas farmland system constructs a three-right split pattern of ownership,contractual rights and management rights.From the perspective of commercial law,the division of the threerights on farmland aims to promote the construction of legal relationship of commercial preparation amongcollective,farmer and operator.Once the commercial preparation is completed,it enters the stage ofcommercial transaction.In commercial transactions,cooperative businessmen should follow the threeprinciples of farmland,business and structure,and form three ways of participation,namely,contract andorganization,in order to practice the division on three rights of farmland effectively.Longitudinally,since collectivization,China’s rural areas have experienced the exchange from tradition to modern period,andthe cooperatives have also gone through the evolution process from instrumental rationality to valuerationality.