论《民法总则》中的行为制度特色

On the Characteristics of Behavioral System in General Principles of Civil Law

民事法律行为制度是《民法总则》的重中之重,本次修改无论从整体还是细节上均注重充分体现其特色。从整体上看,从事民事法律行为的主体外延扩大,由“公民或者法人”改为“民事主体”;意思表示单独成节,其重要性进一步凸显;用“民事法律关系”代替“民事权利和民事义务”,体现法律概念周延性;民事法律行为与合法行为相区别,脱离价值判断体系。另具有民事法律行为种类多样化、形式自主化、成立和生效时间科学化三大特点。从细节上看,作为法律行为制度核心的意思表示,具有意思表示的类型及表现形式一体化和意思表示的撤回及解释方式特定化两大特色。另外,构成客观评价的法律行为效力体系,其重构体现法律开放性,而撤销制度的效力修订体现法律统一性。

The civil legal behavior system is a top priority of General Principles of Civil Law.In this revision,both the whole and the details are focused on fully embodying its characteristics.On the whole,the extension of the main body engaged in civil legal acts has been expanded from a citizen or legal person to a civil body;the meaning is expressed as a separate section,and its importance is further highlighted;the replacement of“civil rights and civil obligations”with“civil legal relations”reflects the concept of law is comprehensive;civil legal behavior is different from legal behavior,and is separated from the value judgment system.In addition,it has three characteristics:diversified types of civil juristic acts,independent forms,scientific establishment and effective time.From the detail point of view,the meaning expression as the core of the legal behavior system has the two characteristics of the integration of the type and expression of the meaning expression and the withdrawal of the meaning expression and the specific interpretation method.On the other hand,the reconstruction of the legal action effectiveness system that constitutes objective evaluation reflects the openness of the law,while the major revision of the effectiveness system of the right of revocation reflects the unity of the law.