青海云杉开花和结果生物学特性观察

Observation of Biological Characteristics on Flowering and Fruiting of Picea crassifolia kom

为提高青海云杉产种量和实施人为干预,观测和研究了青海云杉开花和结果生物学特性。结果表明:青海云杉雌、雄花芽5月上旬开始膨大,6月下旬完成授粉受精。雌花受精结束后,经过90d达到生理成熟,再经过30d达到形态成熟,其间前20d是球果快速生长期,球果长度和粗度达到14.43cm和6.44cm,较受精结束时的5.77cm和3.65cm分别提高了150.09%和76.44%。树龄15-40年树体产种量随着树龄的增加而迅速提高,随后提高缓慢,同一树体产种量在不同年份具有随机性,丰产年产种量(峰值)和低产年产种量(谷值)之间差异较大。抓住青海云杉花期集中、开花周期短的有利时机,实施人为干预可提高结果量和产种量。

In order to increase seed yield and implement human intervention,flowering and fruiting biological characteristics of Picea crassifolia kom were observed and studied.The result showed that the female and male flower bud begin to grow in early May,and finish pollination and pregnant in late June.After the female flowers finished pregnant,the cones were been to physical maturity after 90 days,and been to mature after 30 days again,which were grow quickly in the first 20 days,the length and diameter of cones were 14.43 cm and 6.44 cm,which increased 150.09% and 76.44% compare to length 5.77 cm and diameter 3.65 cm of cones finished pregnant.The seed yield were increased quickly with age in 15-40 years,and increased slowly in following years,seed yield of same tree was random in different years,there was a big different of seed yield between high and low yield years.So we should take the chance that flowering period was concentrated and short,increase fruit and seed yield.