论民法典合同编发挥债法总则的功能

On the Function of The Contract Part of Civil Code in the General Provisions of Obligation Law

我国民法典的分则体系设计并未采纳传统大陆法系国家的民法典体系,也没有设置债法总则,而是从中国实际情况出发,保持了合同法总则体系的完整性和内容的丰富性。但为避免债法总则功能的缺失,合同编的规范在一定程度上发挥了债法总则的功能。这一处理模式可以有效简化法律规则,有利于法律适用的便利,也有利于保护合同法总则的完整性,实现统摄债之规则的功能。但采纳此种模式,必须要明确合同编中究竟哪些规范可以应用到非因合同产生的债之关系,合同编中关于债的履行、合同的保全、合同的变更和移转、合同的权利义务终止等有关规则可以适用于非合同之债。

The system design of specific provisions of Chinese Civil Code hasn’t adopted the civil codes of the traditional civil law system,and there is no General Provisions of Obligation Law,but starting from China’s actual situation,it maintains the integrity of the system of Contract Law and the abundance of the content.However,in order to avoid the functional lack of General Provisions of Obligation Law,the rules of Contract Part,to a certain extent,play the function of General Provisions of Obligation Law.This mode can effectively simplify the legal rules,facilitate the application of laws,protect the integrity of the general provisions of contract law,and realize the function of controlling the obligation rules.However,in order to adopt this model,it is necessary to make clear which standards in the Contract Part can be applied to the relationship between the debts not caused by the contract.The relevant rules in Contract Part,such as the performance of the debts,the preservation of the contract,the modification and transfer of the contract,and the termination of the rights and obligations of the contract,can be applied to the debts not caused by the contract.