微波炮附子炮制工艺影响因素研究

Study on influence factors of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by microwave processing technology

目的探究微波炮附子炮制过程的主要工艺影响因素,为工业化开发奠定基础。方法通过水分比、干燥速率及耗能研究微波炮附子的干燥过程,并以微波炮附子形态以及双酯型生物碱、单酯型生物碱、醇胺型生物碱含量为指标,考察生附片切片厚度、含水量、微波功率、炮制时间对微波炮附子工艺的影响。结果生附片厚度、复水率、微波功率、炮制时间对微波炮附子炮制过程及生物碱含量均有影响。厚度为5 mm,干燥时间短,干燥速率快,耗能小,但是双酯型生物碱含量高,总生物碱含量损失较大。生附片复水率为60%时,干燥时间最短,平均干燥速率为复水率100%>复水率60%>复水率80%>复水率40%;双酯型生物碱含量为复水率60%>复水率100%>复水率80%>复水率40%;总生物碱含量为复水率60%>复水率80%≈复水率100%>复水率40%;复水率对耗能影响不明显。炮制时间相同时,在微波功率为550 W条件下,微波炮附子干燥时间最短,干燥速率快,双酯型乌头碱含量低,总生物碱含量高,但是随着炮制时间的增加,高功率条件下的附子更容易被炮焦。结论适宜的附片厚度、复水率、微波功率以及炮制时间有助于附子充分减毒,提升微波炮附子产品质量。生附片切片厚度宜选择3 mm,复水率为60%~80%,炮制时间根据微波功率增加,适当减小。

Objective To explore the influence factors of processing Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata by microwave-drying,so as to lay a foundation for its industrial development.Methods The drying process of Aconiti Lateralis Radix Praeparata was investigated by water ratio,drying rate and energy consumption analysis.The aconite morphology,contents of diester alkaloids,monoester alkaloids and alkanolamine alkaloids were used as indexes to study the effects of slice thickness,water content,microwave power and processing time on aconite processing.Results The thickness,rehydration rate,microwave power and processing time had influence on the processing process and alkaloid content of aconite.When the thickness was 5 mm,the drying process had shorter drying time,faster drying rate and lower the energy consumption,but it had a higher content of diester alkaloids and lower content of the total alkaloids.When the rehydration rate of raw aconite slices was 60%,the drying time was the shortest.The order of average drying rate was 100%rehydration rate>60%rehydration rate>80%rehydration rate>40%rehydration rate.The order of content of diester alkaloids was 60%rehydration rate>100%rehydration rate>80%rehydration rate>40%rehydration rate.The order of total alkaloids content was 60%rehydration rate>80%rehydration rate=100%rehydration rate>40%rehydration rate.The influence of rehydration rate on energy consumption was not obvious.When the processing time was the same,the drying process under the microwave power of 550 W had the shortest drying time,the fastest drying rate,the lowest content of diester aconitine and the highest content of total alkaloid.However,with the increase of processing time,the aconite was easier to be burnt under a high microwave power.Conclusion The appropriate thickness,moisture content,microwave power and processing time in aconite processing process are helpful to reduce the toxicity of aconite and improve the quality of aconite.Therefore,the thickness of the slices should choose 3 mm,the moisture content should be 60%—80%,and the processing time should be reduced according to the increase of microwave power.