蛋清粉对糜米-小麦粉面团特性及馒头品质的影响

Effect of Egg White Powder on the Characteristics of Proso Millet-Wheat Flour Dough and Steamed Bread

为探究蛋清粉对糜米-小麦粉面团特性与馒头品质的影响,对不同蛋清粉添加量的面团进行扫描电子显微镜观察、动态流变学分析、红外光谱检测;对不同蛋清粉添加量的馒头,进行比容测定、质构测定、电子鼻测定、感官评价。结果表明:添加蛋清粉会加强面筋蛋白包裹淀粉的能力;随着蛋清粉添加量的增多,面团的弹性模量先增大后减小,黏性模量逐渐减小,当蛋清粉添加量为3%时,面团的弹性模量最大;面团的α-螺旋相对含量呈上升趋势,β-折叠呈下降趋势,总体来说,α-螺旋增加幅度较大,面团相对稳定;随着蛋清粉添加量的增加,糜米-小麦粉馒头的比容先增大后减小,当添加量为3%时,比容最大;馒头的硬度、咀嚼度均呈增大趋势;随着蛋清粉的添加,馒头的风味物质中醇类、醛酮类物质的含量可能会发生变化;蛋清粉添加量为3%时,感官评价在可接受范围内。

In order to explore the effect of egg white powder on the characteristics of proso millet-wheat fiour dough and the quality of steamed bread, doughs added with different proportions of egg white powder were observed by scanning electron microscopy and investigated by dynamic rheological analysis and infrared spectroscopy. The specific volume and texture of the resulting steamed breads were determined, and they were assessed by an electronic nose and sensory evaluation. The results showed that the addition of egg white powder enhanced the ability of gluten to wrap starch. As the amount of egg white powder increased, the elastic modulus of the dough increased firstly and then decreased after reaching a maximum value at an addition level of 3%, while the viscous modulus gradually decreased. The α-helix content of the dough showed an upward trend, while the opposite was true for the β-sheet content. In general, the considerable increase in the α-helix content observed suggested that the dough was relatively stable. As the amount of egg white powder increased, the specific volume of proso millet-wheat flour steamed bread increased firstly and then decreased after reaching a maximum at an addition level of 3%. The hardness and chewiness of steamed bread increased. Moreover, the contents of the fiavor substance alcohols, aldehydes and ketones in steamed bread changed with the addition of different proportions of egg white powder. Upon addition of 3% egg white powder, the sensory evaluation score was within the acceptable range.