中国共产党党内法规制定和修改的逻辑探析--以党内政治生活两部《准则》为视角的探讨

A logical Analysis of the Formulation and Revision of the Intra-Party Regulations of the CPC——From the Perspective of the Two“Guidelines”for Political Life of the Party

新时代深化党内法规研究,不仅要从静态的角度研究党内法规的文本,而且要从动态的角度探究文本演变的逻辑。1980年党的十一届五中全会通过的《关于党内政治生活的若干准则》和2016年党的十八届六中全会通过的《新形势下关于党内政治生活的若干准则》作为两个不同历史时期规范党内政治生活的重要法规,在党内法规建设史上具有重要的地位。通过对两部法规的对比研究,可以总结出党内法规制定和修改背后不同于国家法律的独特逻辑。两部法规的制定都是为了解决一个时期党内存在的突出问题,形成都是建立在广泛征求党内外意见的基础上,文本形式都体现了"多样化"的特点,演变都体现了党内法规与时俱进的特点,在制定之后都注重强化执行。新时代加强党内法规建设,要在法规制定过程中坚持问题导向,起草过程中坚持民主立法,文本建构上要善于把"党言党语"和"法言法语"结合起来,要结合时代发展与时俱进修订法规,把完善党内法规的任务重点放在提高党内法规的执行力上。

To deepen the study of intra-Party regulations in the new era,we must not only study the text of Party regulations from a static perspective,but also explore the logic of text evolution from a dynamic perspective.The two important regulations governing the political life within the Party in different historical periods,the“Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party”adopted by the Fifth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee of the CPC in 1980 and the“Several Guidelines on Political Life within the Party under the New Situation”adopted by the Sixth Plenary Session of the Eighteenth Central Committee of the Party in 2016,have an important position in the history of the construction of regulations within the Party.Through a comparative study of the two regulations,it is possible to sum up the unique logic behind the formulation and revision of inner-party regulations which is different from national laws.Both of the regulations were drawn to solve the outstanding problems existing in the Party during some specific period,the formation of which was based on extensively soliciting opinions from inside and outside the Party.The textual form of the two regulations reflected the characteristics of“diversity”,and the evolution of them reflects the characteristic of keeping pace with the times.And focus was put on its implementation after the formation in both cases.In the new era,to strengthen the construction of the regulations within the Party,we must adhere to the problem-orientation in the process of making regulations and democratic legislation in the process of drafting.We must be good at combining the“party speech”and the“legal speech”in designing the text,and integrate the development of the times and keep pace with the times when revising it.Besides,the key task when perfecting the regulations should be put in improving its enforcement.