论高级用字阶段汉字系统选择字符的几个原则

On the Selection Principles of Characters in Chinese Writing System in the Advanced Stage of Characters Use

以汉语为背景的汉字,经历了初步造字、初级用字、孳乳造字、高级用字四个阶段。在高级用字阶段,为了继续维护汉语和汉字这两个符号系统的协调与稳定,用字系统在已有字符中选择并重新配置字词关系。选择与配置过程遵循四个原则:字符提示词义相对明晰,字符提示词音相对准确,字符构形方式相对统一,字符书写形式相对简单。选择与配置的主要对象是形声字。在四个原则的综合作用下,汉字系统保持着旺盛活力。这种活力是我们坚定文化自信的可靠依据。

In Chinese language,the development of Chinese characters has experienced four stages,initially created characters,the primary stage of characters use,multiplied character and the advanced stage of characters use.In the fourth stage,the character system selects and rearranges the relationships of characters and words among existing characters in order to continue to maintain its harmonious and stable relation with the other symbol system of Chinese language.The process of selection and confi guration follows four principles:characters have relatively clear meanings;sounds of characters are relatively accurate;characters configuration is relatively uniform;the written forms of characters are relatively simple.Phonogram characters are the main subject for selection and configuration.Under the comprehensive influence of these four principles,the Chinese character system keeps its strong vitality,which forms a reliable basis for enhancing our confi dence in Chinese culture.