基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术研究

The Safe Utilization Technology of Pb-contaminated Farmland Using Sweet Sorghum

本研究通过田间控制试验研究甜高粱对铅的富集特征,分析其与土壤铅含量的关系,以期建立基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术。结果表明:甜高粱对铅具有较强的耐性,在不同浓度铅处理条件下并未表现出明显的毒害症状,且茎秆含水量和含糖量无显著的变化;甜高粱对铅的吸收与土壤中的铅含量具有显著的线性关系,随着土壤中铅含量的增加,甜高粱体内各部位的铅浓度均显著增加,且各部位铅浓度呈现“根>叶>茎>籽粒”的特征,单株铅积累量最高可达12.4 mg。在此基础上,通过集成先进固态发酵技术和燃烧技术实现对甜高粱植株的安全处置,建立了基于甜高粱的铅污染农田安全利用技术,此技术简便、方法易行,同时可实现生态、经济和社会效益。

To establish the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland using sweet sorghum,we studied the Pb-enrichment characteristics of sweet sorghum by a field control experiment and analyzed their correlations with the soil Pb concentrations.The results showed that:sweet sorghum had strong ability to tolerate Pb,without obvious heavy metal toxicity under different Pb concentrations;meanwhile,the water and sugar content of stem had no significant effect under the Pb treatments;the Pb concentrations in the root,stem,leaf and seed of the sweet sorghum increased significantly with the increasing Pb concentrations in soil,and there was a significant linear relationship between them;the Pb concentrations showed an order of root>leaf>stem>grain,and the accumulation of Pb in the sweet sorghum plant reached 12.4 mg/plant in the study.Therefore,the safe utilization technology of Pb-contaminated farmland of sweet sorghum is established by integrating advanced solid-state fermentation technology(ASSF)and combustion technology to realize the safe disposal of sweet sorghum plants.This method is simple and convenient,and can achieve significant economic,social and environmental benefits.