力学功能蛋白生物合成及材料应用

Biological Synthesis of Structural Proteins and Applications

源自蛛丝、蚕丝、贻贝胶的生物力学结构蛋白及其材料在高技术领域具有重要的应用前景.目前人工合成生物力学蛋白面临着蛋白种类和序列较单一、化学作用机制不清楚、结构优化复杂、性能不稳定、量产困难等诸多问题.因此实现力学功能蛋白的分子理性设计、精准高效合成和性能调控是该领域面临的挑战.目前合成生物学技术的发展为力学结构蛋白的优化设计、合成以及材料性能提高提供了新的思路和策略.本专论将集中探讨合成结构性蛋白研究近况、进展和技术突破.重点展开对基于蛛丝序列和非蛛丝序列的人工蛋白的设计与合成的讨论,并突出它们在构建高强纤维和高强粘合剂材料方面的应用.最后并对合成蛋白及力学应用领域的发展进行评述和展望.

Structural proteins from nature are fantastic macromolecules.Based on the folded/unfolded structures and supramolecular interactions,the assembled biomaterials exhibit very promising applications in high-tech fields due to their extraordinary mechanical performance.However,present study is focusing on the proteins of spider silk and silkworm which leads to the limited choice for the design and synthesis of artificial proteins.It is also difficult to optimize the structures of artificial proteins due to the incomplete/destroyed functional domains.Moreover,it is challenging for mass production of the proteins when they are expressed in heterologous hosts.Therefore,the realization of rational design of structural proteins,efficient biosynthesis,precise assembly from molecule to bulk materials,and the optimized mechanical performance is still a major challenge.Nowadays,synthetic biological technology as a powerful tool offers new opportunities for the development of artificial proteins and mechanomaterials.In this review,we outline recent progress and challenges in the design and synthesis of artificial proteins based on spidroins and non-spider sequences.We first briefly discuss the structure,composition,mechanical modulation,and application of protein-based fibers.Next,an overview of the synthetic protein-based adhesives is given.Finally,the development of protein-based structural biomaterials is prospected.The achievements in development of structural proteins by synthetic biology certainly will accelerate the proteinbased mechanomaterials for translational applications.