基于DNA纳米结构的分子间相互作用研究

DNA Nanostructures in the Study of Molecular Interactions

研究生物分子间的相互作用是研究生命本质过程中必不可少的环节.近年来,DNA纳米技术在分子间相互作用的研究中发挥了重要作用,取得了一系列进展.DNA纳米结构具有高度的可编程性和可寻址性,可以利用这些性质采取不同的方式将待测体系修饰在DNA纳米结构上,而且可以精确控制分子的排布、种类、数目等,因此可以作为研究分子间相互作用的模板.在此基础上结合单分子技术,如单分子荧光成像(SMF)、原子力显微术等(AFM),可以实现对单个分子的行为观测.本文首先简述了DNA纳米结构作为研究平台的构建,然后对DNA纳米结构在研究分子间相互作用中的应用进行了阐述,包括用作锚定平台、提供具有一定机械性能的支架以及提供纳米级的微环境,最后对DNA纳米技术的发展进行了总结与展望.

Exploring molecular interaction mechanisms is vital for a better understanding of life activities.In recent years,with the development of DNA nanotechnology,researchers have been using DNA nanostructures to study molecular interactions.Numerous progresses have been made on molecular interaction mechanisms using DNA nanostructures.With high programmability and addressability of DNA nanostructures,the system to be observed could be located on DNA nanostructures through different strategies such as DNA hybridization and covalent interactions.The spatial arrangement,molecule type,and the number of target molecules can be precisely controlled.Thus,DNA nanostructures offer an excellent template for observing molecular interactions.With the designability and high rigidity,DNA nanostructures could be utilized as frames with certain mechanical properties.By spatially organizing anchored molecules,nanoscale microenvironment could also be regulated on the platform of DNA nanostructures.In addition,DNA nanotechnology could be combined with various singlemolecule techniques such as fluorescent imaging,atomic force microscopy,allowing single-molecule study with DNA nanostructures.In this review,we provide an overview of the construction of observing platforms with DNA nanostructures and the applications of DNA nanostructures in the study of molecular interactions.Finally,we summarize and prospect the development of DNA nanotechnology in this field.