2018年南宁市无偿献血人群分布特征分析

Distribution characteristics of unpaid blood donors in Nanning in 2018

目的分析南宁市2018年无偿献血人群分布特征,为进一步提升无偿献血宣传招募工作提供经验指导。方法将南宁市2018年全血献血者按献血次数分为4个层次:初次献血者(1次)、新献血者(2~3次)、忠实献血者(4~10次)和固定献血者(10次以上)。对不同层次献血者的血型、性别、年龄、职业、文化程度、献血量、献血时间和献血地点类型等特征进行分析。结果 2018年南宁市无偿献血者共111 555例,其中初次献血者(1次)为43 692例,占39.17%;新献血者(2~3次)为37 659例,占33.76%;忠实献血者(4~10次)23 448例,占21.02%;固定献血者(10次以上)6756例,占6.06%。初次献血者、新献血者、忠实献血者和固定献血者均为男性多于女性(P <0.01);初次献血者和新献血者年龄构成以25岁及以下为主,忠实献血者以25岁以上人群相对较多,而固定献血者以36~45和46~60岁人群占比较大(P <0.01);初次献血者、新献血者以大学(本专科)学历为主,忠实献血者、固定献血者以高中及以下学历为主(P <0.01);初次献血者、新献血者以学生为主,忠实献血者、固定献血者以其他职业、自由职业为主(P <0.01);初次献血者献血量为200mL的比例较高,新献血者、忠实献血者和固定献血者均以400mL为主(P <0.01);初次献血者、新献血者在流动献血点献血的比例较高,忠实献血者、固定献血者在固定点献血为主(P <0.01)。结论南宁市无偿献血者中,不同类型献血人群在年龄、性别、学历、职业上的分布差异有统计学意义,无偿献血招募工作开展时应考虑上述差异并制定相应的措施。

Objective To analyze the distribution characteristics of unpaid blood donors in Nanning in 2018,and to provide reference for further development of unpaid blood donation in terms of publicity and recruitment. Methods The whole blood donors in Nanning in 2018 were divided into 4 levels according to the frequency of blood donations: first-time blood donors(once),new blood donors(2-3 times),loyal blood donors(4-10 times),and regular blood donors(more than 10 times).The blood type,gender,age,occupation,education level,blood donation volume,blood donation time and type of blood donation site of different levels of blood donors were analyzed. Results In 2018,there were 111 555 unpaid blood donors in Nanning,including 43 692 first-time blood donors(1 time),accounting for 39.17%;37 659 new blood donors(2-3 times),accounting for 33.76%;23 448 loyal blood donors(4-10 times),accounting for 21.02%;6756 regular blood donors(more than 10 times),accounting for 6.06%.The male in first-time blood donors,new blood donors,loyal blood donors,and regular blood donors were more than female(P < 0.01).Donors aged under 25 years old,more than 25 years,30 to 45 years and 46 to 60 years or above accounted for the most in first-time blood donors and new blood donors,loyal blood donors,and regular blood donors,respectively(P < 0.01). First-time blood donors and new blood donors were mainly college graduates, and loyal blood donors, regular blood donors were mainly high school education or below(P < 0.01).First-time blood donors and new blood donors were mainly students;loyal blood donors and regular blood donors were mainly other occupations and freelancers(P < 0.01).The blood donors who donated 200 mL took the highest proportion in first-time donors,and 400 mL in new donors,loyal donors,and regular donors(P < 0.01).First-time donors and new donors had a higher percentage of donations at mobile blood donation points,while loyal blood donors and regular blood donors at fixed points(P < 0.01). Conclusion Among the unpaid blood donors in Nanning,there are statistically significant differences in the distribution of different types of blood donors in terms of age,gender,educational background,and occupation.The above-mentioned differences should be taken into consideration and corresponding measures should be taken when the recruitment of unpaid blood donations is launched.