我国区域物流业发展方式及其影响效应分析

An Analysis of the Development Mode and Influence Effect of Regional Logistics Industry in China

我国区域发展的不平衡可能导致区域物流业发展动力因素的不同,进而物流业发展方式存在差异性。本文通过构建劳动力和资本双要素投入的LMDI模型、面板分位数模型、因变量受限模型对我国区域物流业发展方式及其影响效应进行分析,探讨促进物流业发展的关键方式及其提升路径。研究发现:我国八大经济区物流业发展方式均具有“集约型”和“粗放型”共生特征。其中:物流业发展水平相对较低和中等地区的资本投资规模扩张对物流业发展的影响持续下降,而劳动效率的影响趋势不断提高,其物流基础设施的空间布局通过不断协调发展促进了物流业发展;物流业发展水平较高地区的资本投资规模扩张并不能显著影响物流业发展,但劳动效率的影响随着物流业发展水平的提高而不断增强。物流业劳动效率较高地区的劳动工资处于非激励区间,对劳动效率提升产生了抑制效应;而劳动效率较低地区与之相反,但是在扩大人力资本投资过程中,无法提供更合理的工资或者岗位,造成高质量人力资本不断流失,抑制了劳动效率提升。劳动效率较高地区与FDI企业竞争中,能够提供更高的劳动工资防止高素质劳动力反向流向FDI企业,有效促进劳动效率提升;而劳动效率较低地区却无法进一步提供更高的劳动工资,不能强化劳动工资对劳动效率的正向促进作用,并且由于制度质量水平不佳,干扰了FDI规模的进一步扩大,抑制了FDI对物流业劳动效率的正向溢出效应。

The imbalance of regional development in our country may lead to the difference of dynamic factors in the development of regional logistics industry,and then there are differences in the development mode of logistics industry.In this paper,the LMDI model,panel quantile model and dependent variable Limited model are constructed to analyze the development mode and influence effect of regional logistics industry in China,and to explore the key ways to promote the development of logistics industry and its promotion path.It is found that the development mode of logistics industry in the eight economic zones of China has the symbiotic characteristics of“intensive”and“extensive”.Among them:the impact of the relatively low level of development of logistics industry and the expansion of capital investment scale in medium-sized areas on the development of logistics industry continues to decline,while the impact of labor efficiency continues to improve,and the spatial layout of its logistics infrastructure promotes the development of logistics industry through continuous coordinated development;the expansion of capital investment scale in areas with high level of logistics industry development does not significantly affect the development of logistics industry,but the impact of labor efficiency is increasing with the improvement of logistics industry development level.The labor wage in the areas with high labor efficiency of logistics industry is in the non-incentive range,which has a restraining effect on the improvement of labor efficiency;while in the areas with low labor efficiency,it is the opposite.However,in the process of expanding human capital investment,it is unable to provide more reasonable wages or positions,resulting in the continuous loss of high-quality human capital,and inhibiting the improvement of labor efficiency.In the competition between regions with higher labor efficiency and FDI enterprises,higher labor wages can be provided to prevent high-quality labor from flowing to FDI enterprises in the opposite direction and effectively promote the improvement of labor efficiency;while regions with lower labor efficiency can not provide higher labor wages further and strengthen the positive role of labor wages in promoting labor efficiency,and because of the poor quality of the system,it interferes with the further expansion of the scale of FDI and restrains the positive spillover effect of FDI on the labor efficiency of logistics industry.