生态斑块重要性综合评价方法研究——以四川省为例

Comprehensive assessment method on ecological patch importance: a case study in Sichuan Province, China

生态斑块为生物提供生存和发展的场所,城市化的推进引发生态斑块面积锐减且趋于破碎化,严重威胁生态系统服务。通过对生态斑块重要性的分析,可识别对保持景观连接度有关键作用的区域,是优化有限资金配置、实现高效生态保护和分级管理的有效途径。以2015年的四川省为例,从景观连接度出发,基于网络建模和拓扑指标计算,结合逼近理想点排序法(TOPSIS)和有序样品聚类进行了斑块重要性的综合评估和排序。研究结果表明,四川省内生态斑块呈现西北部相对连续,南部和东部零散而稀疏的分布特点,在此基础上构建的生态基础设施网络具有无标度性;所选拓扑指标结合综合评价方法后可有效评估斑块重要性,所有斑块可分为5个重要性层级,高层级斑块主要位于相对核心的位置,低层级斑块分布于全省边缘。针对不同层级斑块的特点提出了相应规划建议,从整体角度出发引导局部生态规划,以期为有限资源下省域尺度复合种群保护工作提供参考与借鉴。

Ecological patches provide places for the survival and development of species. Urbanization processes have led to a sharp area decline of ecological patches and severe fragmentation, which seriously threaten ecosystem services. Ecological patch importance assessment can help identify the key regions of maintaining landscape connectivity. It is an effective way to achieve efficient ecological protection and hierarchical management. Based on network modeling and topological indicators, and combined with TOPSIS and ordered sample clustering, we evaluated and ranked the ecological patch importance in Sichuan Province in 2015 from the perspective of landscape connectivity. The results show that the ecological patches in Sichuan Province were relatively continuous in the northwest, while they were scattered and sparse in the south and east. The comprehensive assessment method can effectively rank patch importance and patches can be divided into five importance levels. The high-level ecological patches were mainly located at core area, while low-level patches were distributed at the edge of the province. We proposed corresponding planning suggestions according to the characteristics of ecological patches at different levels, aiming at guiding local ecological planning from a holistic perspective. The results provide references for the optimization of metapopulation protection at a provincial scale with limited resources.