小河墓地古代人群颅骨的人类学特征

Study and physical anthropological characters of ancient population appeared on the skulls at Xiaohe Cemetery

本文选取新疆罗布泊小河墓地出土已无软组织覆盖的颅骨48例,根据考古发掘层位,这些颅骨资料多数属于小河文化的早期阶段。通过对这48例颅骨的非测量性状和测量性状结果进行统计及分析,结果表明,在目前新疆地区及周边已知文化中,小河墓地早期人群通过长时间基因交流,人群已经彻底融合,成为一个独立的人群。其主体应与来自南西伯利亚的欧罗巴人群有关,在进入新疆罗布泊地区前就已经与具有北亚蒙古人种因素的人群发生了融合。

Forty-eight skulls without soft tissue cover are selected in this study.According to the stratigraphic evidence in the excavation,most skulls are identified as in the early stage of Xiaohe Culture.The statistical analysis on the non-measured traits and measured traits of these skulls shows that,within the known cultures in Xinjiang and surrounding areas,the early population of Xiaohe cemetery has been fully hybridized through long-term genetic exchanges,becoming a genetically independent people.They should be related to the Caucasoid from South Siberia which had mixed with the population of northern Asian Mongoloid before entering the Lop Nur region in Xinjiang.