英语国家创意写作发展述略

A Brief Introduction to the Development of Creative Writing in English-speaking Countries

“创意写作”(Creative Writing)于美国创生,而后传播至其它英语国家以及全世界。英语国家创意写作发展先后经历了酝酿期、创建期和成长繁荣期三个阶段。爱默生首用“创意阅读”“创意写作”这样带有倾向性的表述,凸显了创造性思想的重要性。19世纪七八十年代,大学开设英语写作课程,这被视为创意写作历史的真正发端。20世纪20年代,“创意写作”一词在中学英语教育中广泛出现。到了20世纪30年代,高校创意写作项目得以初创。第二次世界大战以后,由于各种条件的成熟,创意写作历成长而进入繁荣期。通过发展史的梳理和阶段特征的归纳,“创意写作”的历史形态和丰富内涵得以辨明。英国、澳大利亚等国家创意写作系统建构受到美国影响,也因国情不同各有发展差异。

“Creative writing”was created in the United States,and then spread to other English-speaking countries and the whole world.The development of creative writing in English-speaking countries has gone through three important stages,the gestation,the creation and the growth boom.Emerson is the first to use the tendentious expressions such as“creative reading”and“creative writing”to make the creative thinking prominently important.In 1870s and 1880s,universities offer courses in English writing,which is seen as the real start of the history of creative writing.In 1920s creative writing is a word frequently used in the middle school English education.Not until 1930s,was the project of creative writing launched in colleges and universities.After WWII,creative writing is growing up into the boom period due to the maturity of all the conditions.By sorting out the history of development and summarizing the characteristics of all stages,the paper makes clear the historical form and rich connotation of creative writing.There are similarities and differences in the construction of creative writing systems in other English-speaking countries given the conditions of their countries and the influence of USA.