江汉平原钉螺螺情的时空变化及其精准防控分区探讨

Research on spatiotemporal variation of snails and its precision control regionalization in Jianghan Plain

江汉平原是我国血吸虫病最严重的疫区之一.经过60多年的防治,该区域血吸虫病疫情处于低度流行状态.但是血吸虫寄生的唯一中间宿主——钉螺的孳生环境仍然存在,钉螺面积总体下降不显著,血吸虫病疫情随时都有反弹的风险.为了巩固来之不易的血防成果,助力精准血防,该文以江汉平原为研究区,基于2013年至2017年的村级螺情及控螺措施数据,以螺情状况及动态、钉螺孳生环境和控螺状况等三个要素构建钉螺防控分区指标体系,利用二阶聚类的方法开展钉螺防控的地理区划及其防控等级的探讨研究.结果显示:江汉平原钉螺增减动态变化类型以“无变化”为主,其次是“减少或不变”和“增加或不变”;螺情、孳生环境和钉螺防控措施等要素指标具有空间异质性.江汉平原被分为3个一级分区和7个二级分区,分析了各分区螺情主要特征及其防控的态势,提出了降低螺情风险、整治有螺环境、加强防控力度等方面的防控建议,为制定精准防螺方案提供了新的思路和方法.

Jianghan Plain was one of the most serious schistosomiasis endemic areas in China.Over the last six decades,the national control programmes brought schistosomiasis japonica largely under control.However,the Oncomelania hupensis breeding environment still exists widely,and the overall snail area decrease is not significant,suggesting that the risk of a rebound remains.We studied the geographical division of snail control that could contribute to precision snail control.The snail control zoning index system was established based on village-level snail situation and dynamics,snail breeding environment and snail control status from 2013 to 2017 in Jianghan Plain.We used the two-step cluster method to cluster zoning indexes.The results show that the main dynamic change type of snail area is“no change”,followed by“decrease or unchanged”and“increase or unchanged”.Indicators including snail status,geographical environment,and control measures have spatial heterogeneity.Jianghan Plain is divided into three first-level regions and seven second-level subregions,and their main characteristics and risk degree are analyzed.The control strategies and key control objectives of each control region are proposed from the aspects of reducing snail risk,improving snail environment and strengthening snail control.The study on snail control regionalization could provide a new idea and method for developing targeted snail control scheme.