外商投资撤资回流的趋向与对策

Foreign Direct Investment Backshoring: Trends and Countermeasures

当前,我国新增外资扩大与部分存量外资撤离回流并存。外资回流的重点集中在高端制造业领域,中国成为制造业外资主要流出国。其中,纺织服装业、电气机械及器材、金属制品业、电子设备、橡胶和塑料制品业、运输设备制造业、专用设备制造业是最容易从中国回流到美国的行业。为此,中国未来应重点关注高端制造业或者传统制造业的高附加值环节的外资流出。同时,优化制造业外商投资环境,提升制造业竞争软实力。

At present, the expansion of foreign direct investment inflow and the withdrawal of some stocks of foreign capital coexist in China. The main foreign investment backshoring areas have focused on high-end manufacturing sector. China has became a major foreign investment backshoring host country. This paper show that these industry are easily to move back from China to the United States, such as the textile and garment industry, electrical machinery and equipment, metal products, electronic equipment, rubber and plastic products industry, transportation equipment manufacturing industry, special equipment manufacturing industry. Hence, China should focus on the backshoring activities in the high-end manufacturing sectors and high value-added sectors of the traditional manufacturing in the future. Meanwhile, China should improve the foreign investment environment in the manufacturing sectors, enhance the competitive soft power in the manufacturing industry.