国土空间结构演变解析与主体功能区格局优化思路

Evolution Analysis of China’s Spatial Development Structure and Pattern Optimization of Major Function Zones

主体功能区是中国经济发展和生态环境保护的大战略,解析其空间结构演变过程和趋势是国土空间开发与主体功能区格局优化的重要依据。文章通过探索主体功能区空间结构演变的科学与政策内涵,以城市化地区、农业发展地区和生态安全地区三者人口或经济的比例关系为基本参数,测度颁布《全国主体功能区规划》(2010年)前后5年的主体功能区核心-边缘结构、点-轴结构的演变特征,揭示核心区域、边缘区域、距离轴线的国土空间结构演变过程;结合新时期生态文明建设及区域协调发展战略新要求,从区域差距、资源环境效应、对外联系等方面分析国土空间结构演变存在的问题。研究发现:人口、经济进一步向城市化地区、城市群区域、主要开发轴线集聚,人口集聚过程快于经济集聚过程,人口与经济呈现相互均衡的趋势,且与全国自然承载力及考虑地理区位和系统整体性的地域功能适宜性的格局趋于吻合;不同功能区之间、区域板块之间、核心区域与边缘区域之间、沿轴线区域与远离轴线区域的区域差距呈现出不断缩小的态势,但区域发展不平衡问题、资源环境问题依然突出;国家"两横三纵"轴线无法适应我国新时期区域协调发展及"一带一路"对外开放的战略需求。据此提出:推动人口进一步向城市群及主要轴线核心区域集聚,实现人口与经济相均衡;进一步减少北方地区边缘区域的人口压力,从而促进人口规模与自然承载力相均衡;增加珠江-西江发展轴带,完善"三横三纵"的国土空间开发战略;向外延伸沿长江通道、陆桥通道与包昆通道等主要轴线从而适应新时期对外开放战略等政策建议。

The major function zoning plays a strategic role in economic development and ecological environment protection in China.Analyzing the evolutionary process and trends in spatial structure is essential for the pattern optimization of land development and major function zones.The aim of this study is to explore the scientific and policy implications of the evolution of the spatial structure of major function zones.This paper first takes several basic parameters,namely the population ratio/economic ratio of the urbanization areas,agricultural development areas,and ecological security areas;then,measures the evolution characteristics of core-periphery structure and pole-axis structure five years before and after the implementation of national major function zoning planning in 2010 to reveal the spatial structure of the core,edge,and the variation along the axis.Considering the new requirements on the construction of ecological civilization and regional coordinated development strategy in the new period,this paper further analyzes the problems of the evolution of territorial spatial structure from the aspects of regional disparities,resource and environment effects,and external relations.The results show that population and economy are further concentrated in urbanized areas,urban agglomeration areas,and the main development axis.The results also reveal that the population agglomeration process is faster than the economic agglomeration process.The overall economy and population of the country demonstrate a trend of mutual equilibrium,which is in line with the national natural carrying capacity and the territorial function suitability that considering the geographic location and system integrity.The regional disparities among different function areas,regional plates,the core area,and the edge area,along the axis area and away from the axis area show a narrowing trend.However,the problems of unbalanced regional development,resources,and the environment are still outstanding.The existing national“two horizontal and three vertical”axes cannot meet the strategic needs of coordinated regional development and the Silk Road Economic Belt’s opening up in the new era.The following policy recommendations are proposed:promoting the further concentration of population in urban agglomerations and core areas of major axes to achieve a balance between population and economy;further reducing the population pressure in the peripheral areas of the northern region to promote a balance between population size and natural carrying capacity;adding the Pearl River-Xijiang development axis and to improve the“three horizontal and three vertical”strategic axes of territorial development;and extending the major axes along the Yangtze River passage,the land bridge passage and the Baokun passage to adapt to the openness strategy in the new era.