黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展:框架、路径与对策

Ecological Protection and High-quality Development in the Yellow River Basin:Framework,Path,and Countermeasure

文章概括了黄河流域自然生态条件特征、经济社会发展现状及存在问题和发展机遇。按"基底-生态优先、承载-发展约束、驱动-内外关联"3个逻辑递进环节搭建了黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展国家战略的总体框架,形成了通过对国土空间开发人类活动适宜性评价划定生态、农业和城镇三类功能区域,到评价测算三类功能区域的资源环境承载能力,进而依据承载能力制定不同功能区域高质量发展策略的学术思路。提出了生态-移民-城镇化建设工程、农业种植结构调整、旱作基本农田建设、分类分批解决能矿资源采空区历史遗留问题等生态恢复保护战略路径。建议采取的高质量发展对策,主要包括:壮大太阳能、风能、水能等可再生能源开发规模,发展特色生物医药和健康食品产业,借助"三线"国企创新潜势发展机电、电子信息、人工智能等新型战略产业,创新科技成果产业化转化机制和资源优势价值化分配体制,健全空间精细化管治、区域差异化发展和对外开放等现代化管理体系,构建国家战略引领、"一带一路"开放需求拉动、黄河文化思想和社会主义核心价值观支撑的高质量发展新动力系统等。

This paper summarizes the characteristics of natural ecological conditions,the current situation of economic and social development,existing problems and development opportunities of the Yellow River Basin.The overall framework of the national strategy for ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin has been set up according to the three logical progressive links of basement-ecological priority,bearing capacity-development constraint,driving force-internal and external relevancy.It has formed the academic thinking of delimiting ecological,agricultural and urban functional areas through the evaluation of the suitability of human activities for land and space development,evaluating and calculating the resource and environment carrying capacity of the three functional areas,and then formulating high-quality development strategies for different functional areas according to the carrying capacity.The ecological restoration and protection strategies such as ecological migration urbanization construction project,agricultural planting structure adjustment,dry farming basic farmland construction,classification and batch solution to the historical problems of mined out areas of energy and mineral resources are put forward.The proposed high-quality development measures mainly include expanding the scale of renewable energy development,such as solar energy,wind energy and hydropower,developing characteristic bio-medicine and healthy food industries,developing new strategic industries such as electromechanical,electronic information and artificial intelligence with the help of“three lines”state-owned enterprises’innovation potential,innovating the mechanism of industrialization transformation of scientific and technological achievements and the system of value distribution of resource advantages,improving the modern management system such as spatial fine governance,regional differential development,and opening up.