我国相对贫困地区高质量发展内涵及综合施策路径

Connotation of High-quality Development in Relative Poverty Areas of China and Implementation Strategy

贫困是人类发展面临的重大挑战,特别是长期困扰中国在内的发展中国家的世界性难题。随着2020年实现农村绝对贫困人口脱贫和贫困县摘帽,新时代中国的反贫困重点也将发生根本性转变,即从解决绝对贫困地区的精准脱贫转变为综合施策推动相对贫困地区的高质量发展。文章从个人和区域尺度可持续性入手,初步构建了相对贫困地区高质量发展的概念模型,解析了2020年之后内部与外部约束条件,提出了确保脱贫不返贫且高质量发展的综合施策路径。提出建议:引导人口及发展要素合理流动,重塑城镇乡村互动与等值发展面貌,深入推动资源和生态优势价值化,聚焦青藏高原等深度贫困地区重点攻坚;将"十四五"作为应对相对贫困长期性的起步期,制定灵活精准的相对贫困人口和地区识别标准,注重各类反贫困政策工具与资源的整合,形成集中式、分布式、流动式相结合的高质量基础设施和公共服务保障体系。

Poverty is a major challenge faced by human development,especially the global problem that has plagued developing countries,including China,for a long time.As rural absolute poverty population and poverty-stricken counties will achieve poverty alleviation in 2020,China’s anti-poverty focus in the new era will begin to shift from targeted poverty alleviation in absolute poverty areas to high-quality development through comprehensive measures in relative poverty areas.Based on an initially constructed conceptual model of high-quality development in relative poverty areas,this article analyzed the internal and external constraints from the sustainability of individual and regional scales,and further proposed comprehensive policies to ensure that poverty would not be returned after 2020 and high-quality development would be achieved.It is necessary to guide the rational flow of population and development factors,reshape the appearance of urban and rural interaction and equivalent development,further promote the value of resources and ecological advantages,and focus on key poverty areas such as the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Taking the“14th Five-Year Plan”period as the transition period,formulate flexible and accurate identification standards for relative poverty population and areas,focus on the integration of various poverty alleviation policy tools and resources,and form a centralized,distributed,and mobile highquality infrastructure and public service guarantee system.